Physical Activity Benefits Prisoners

Per World Health Organization guidelines, “health is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity but rather a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being” (International Health Conference, 2022).  According to a recent publication of International Journal of Prison Health, (Physical Activity and Wellbeing in Prisoners:  A Scoping Review, August 2024), “Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are prevalent issues in prison populations, significantly impacting the health and well-being of incarcerated individuals.  Scientific studies indicate that the majority of prisoners do not meet the WHO’s recommended physical activity levels, with more than 75% of inmates leading predominantly sedentary lifestyles.”

At the Simpson County Detention Center, a group of five inmates met with the Simpson County Nutrition Program Assistant over a period of seven classes to complete the Healthy Choices for Every Body curriculum.  Upon an initial evaluation survey, inmates responded to three questions regarding levels of physical activity.  In the category of frequency of making small changes to be active more, the five respondents answered with “never,” “rarely,” and “sometimes,” with zero respondents replying “often,” “usually,” or “always.”

During the series, inmates were challenged to increase physical activity.  The benefit of improved mental health by nature of the brain’s response with dopamine production was described.  Inmates were also encouraged that increased physical activity would improve stamina upon release to join the workforce.  The long-term benefits of reducing the potential of chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension were explained.  As well, the short-term benefit of stress reduction was emphasized, which the inmates validated as a major concern amongst an incarcerated population.  

Inmates were given opportunities to brainstorm ways to increase physical activity while in confinement at the detention center.  They suggested using outdoor yard time to run or play basketball.  Exercises inmates mentioned while confined in cells included sit-ups and push-ups.  The NEP Assistant also demonstrated some wall Pilate exercises such as the wall sit exercise.   All inmates agreed that these would be helpful to implement during incarceration time.

Upon exit survey, all five inmates (100%) indicated an improved frequency of making small changes to be active more often, with two improved to “often,” one improved to “usually,” and 1 improved to “always.”  This reflects that 80% meet recommendations per survey goals.   Improvements were made in two other areas of physical activity, specifically “strengthening muscles more days a week” and “exercise for at least 30 minutes more days a week.”  Each of these categories showed a 60% improvement.

In summary, while correctional institutions provide little opportunity for individual choice in areas of nutritional improvement, this study shows that increasing physical activity is a choice that inmates can make for self-improvement when provided encouragement and instruction.