Gallatin County CES

County Emphasis:

Agriculture Enhancement and Sustainability

Concentration 1:

Animal Production and Management

Concentration 2:

Plant Production and Management

Concentration 3:

Sustainability, Natural Resources and Wildlife Management, and Environment

Concentration 4:

Small Farm Development

Situation:

Kentucky’s animal production and management strategies focus on sustainable practices, health-focused care, and economic viability, contributing significantly to the state’s agriculture. Beef cattle are essential in converting Kentucky’s 7 million acres of pasture and forage into valuable products. Extension promotes sustainable grazing and optimal use of natural resources.  To support Kentucky animal producers, Extension will offer need-based education and producer-focused programs for all species. Activities include improving management systems and introducing new techniques, technology, and production systems for better efficiency and profitability.   Kentucky’s youth should have access to education and life skills in animal production and management. The 2022 U.S. Census of Agriculture shows a decline in farms and agricultural land, an increase in the average age of producers, and larger farm sizes. Successful farm operations require business skills, ongoing training, and safety awareness. The UK Cooperative Extension Service Community Needs Assessment (2023) highlights priorities like youth life skill training, workforce readiness, access to nutritious food, support for local agriculture, and promoting agricultural literacy among youth. 4-H projects can help young people develop life skills, learn responsibility, and gain knowledge about animals through breeding or market projects.   Optimizing plant, crop, and forage production is crucial as Kentucky producers face economic challenges, climate variability, and changing consumer demands. Key strategies include managing rising input costs, crop price fluctuations, soil health, and water management for high-yield crops. Producers must use data-driven approaches for efficient resource use and explore new crop varieties for pest resistance and yield improvement. Conservation practices protect soil and water resources, ensuring long-term sustainability and resilience to climate variability.   Extension Agents and Specialists educate farmers on forage species selection, livestock nutrition, integrated pest management, organic production practices, climate-adapted crop varieties, and disaster readiness. Extension will continue to provide research-based information, workshops, field days, online resources, and support for local farmer’s markets, community gardens, community-supported agriculture, and urban horticulture initiatives.   Educating youth about plant production and soil science is vital for agriculture’s future, empowering them to innovate and address challenges. The National 4-H Council’s 2024 Index Survey shows that many youth enjoy science and are interested in science-related careers. The 2022 U.S. Census of Agriculture highlights trends like fewer farms, reduced agricultural land, an aging producer population, and larger farm sizes. The UK Cooperative Extension System Community Needs Assessment (2023) identifies priorities like youth life skill training, workforce readiness, access to nutritious food, support for local agriculture, and promoting agricultural literacy. 4-H projects in plant production and soil science can help youth develop life skills, learn responsibility, and gain knowledge through horticulture, plant science, and soil science projects.   Kentucky has rich natural resources, including forests, waterways, and wildlife. Forests cover 50% of Kentucky and contribute $13 billion annually to the economy, providing over 28,000 jobs. Forests offer recreational opportunities and support sustainability and native diversity. Wildlife management programs assist landowners with urban and rural wildlife management and damage control.   Kentucky’s forests face risks from invasive species, threatening long-term sustainability. Educating youth about natural resources and environmental sciences is crucial for future stewardship. Kentucky 4-H aims to boost environmental literacy among youth, addressing gaps in environmental knowledge. The National 4-H Council’s 2024 Index Survey shows that many youth enjoy science and are interested in science-related careers. The UK Cooperative Extension System’s 2023 assessment identifies priorities like youth life skill training, workforce readiness, and promoting natural resource literacy. 4-H projects in natural resources and environmental sciences help youth develop life skills, learn responsibility, and gain knowledge about sustaining natural resources.   Small farm development is crucial for Kentucky’s agricultural sector, supporting rural economies and food security. Small farms face challenges like urbanization, an aging farmer population, farm consolidation, new and beginning farmers, and climate change. Small farms are vital for rural economies, natural resource protection, and maintaining rural populations. Kentucky Cooperative Extension will continue to support small farm owners with educational opportunities and resources.

County Situation:

Market & Economic Barriers: Selling livestock profitably requires knowledge of market trends, pricing, and business management, which can be overwhelming for young producer. Education & Training: While programs like 4-H and FFA provide guidance, some youth may struggle with gaining hands-on experience or finding mentors. Access to Resources: Limited availability of land, feed, and financial support can make it difficult for young farmers to sustain livestock operations. Even though the quality of the livestock on pasture in Gallatin County continues to improve, the value in sales of livestock shrank by nearly 30 percent in Gallatin Couty between the years of 2017 and 2022. The reasons for this decrease in livestock numbers include livestock liquidations due to drought years and the conversion of grazing land into homesites and for commercial interests. But the livestock industry is growing in the county in a different and unexpected way. That is the number of new small and hobby farmers over the past few years who either have livestock, or who wish to have livestock. Livestock programming in Gallatin County needs to continue assisting the traditional large livestock producers while at the same time looking for ways to help these new farmers meet their production goals.   Crop production, in any of its various forms, is still the primary agricultural enterprise in Gallatin County. Economically, it is the only farming enterprise to show continual growth in terms of the value of crop sales in the county. This growth is due in part to increased efficiencies in crop production but is also due to the recent adoption of new crops including hemp, commercial vegetables, and ornamental crops. Crops programming efforts in Gallatin County will need to emphasize the production and marketing of these newer crops without ignoring the traditional row crop producers.   As more and more non-farmers move into Gallatin County, they will become neighbors to established farm operations. And because the non-farmers are not accustomed to the sights, sounds, and smells of farming operations, friction between the two groups can become an issue. And while not understanding traditional farming practices, these new landowners do consider themselves to have a keen awareness of environmental issues. Because of this, county farmers (who for the most part are good stewards of their lands) must pay extra attention to any practice that could be construed as having a negative impact on the environment. Continued programming in the areas of water quality and run-off, IPM and pesticide use, and the use of cover crops are essential.   Over the past several years, the number of small and hobby farms has increased in Gallatin County. Much of this increase is due to what many call to as “run-off”; this refers to people who have moved down into Gallatin County from the three counties north of Gallatin and from the Cincinnati metro area. Many of these new landowners work outside of the county but still want to grow some kind of crop or own some kind of livestock. Programming efforts for these farmers will need to include the production and marketing of specialty crops, efficient livestock production on small acreages, and programs detailing how these producers need to set up their farms as small businesses.

Long-Term Outcomes:

Adult Increase the use of sustainable management practices across all production methods and species.?  Producers are routinely implementing guidelines and recommendations for efficient and financially sound production demonstrating sustainable behavior change.?  Continually implementing new technology and production practices.?  Improve the quality of life of animals and humans. Increase the quality of beef cattle produced annually contributing to increased and more stable financial position of cattle operations.  Increase the use of sustainable management practices across all production methods leading to enhanced production efficiency and reductions in the carbon footprint.  Producers are routinely following Beef Quality Care & Assurance standards to produce healthy and high-quality beef.  Continually adoption of new technology and production practices. Increase the use of sustainable management practices by horse owners.  Horse owners will be encouraged to apply best management practices for the care and management of their horses to help control cost of ownership.   Increase the quality of small ruminants annually contributing to increased and more stable financial position of small ruminant operations.   Youth Youth will make informed decisions regarding agricultural products and services.???  Youth will advocate for agriculture and sustainable fiber and food production in their communities.??  Youth will be life and work ready, contributing to the agricultural community as consumers, leaders, and innovators.?? Adult Achieve long-term sustainability and resilience through the widespread adoption of practices that enhance soil productivity, conserve water, and optimize resource use, leading to resilient agricultural systems capable of withstanding economic and environmental fluctuations.  Strengthen local economies through improved farm sustainability and profitability, which are economic multipliers in local communities. Helping farm families successfully transition to subsequent generations. Helping new and beginning farmers enter farming operations.   Strengthen local economies through the continuous support of farmer’s markets, community gardens, and community-supported agriculture programs that are well-integrated with urban horticulture initiatives.  Develop and implement a comprehensive framework for disaster readiness and climate adaptation that includes advanced forecasting, crop selection, and management practices to prepare for extreme weather events. Improved crop sustainability, increased farm profitability and reduced environmental impact using best disease management practices  Reduced unnecessary pesticide exposure to farmers, agribusiness and the general public  Increased farm productivity because of a reduction in yield and quality losses due to diseases  Increased competitiveness for U.S. farmers and the agricultural industry Achieve long-term sustainability and resilience in agricultural practices through the widespread adoption of practices that enhance soil productivity, conserve water quality and quantity, and optimize resource use, leading to resilient agricultural systems capable of withstanding economic and environmental fluctuations. Strengthening local economies through improved farm sustainability and profitability, which are economic multipliers in local communities. Helping farm families successfully transition to subsequent generations. Helping new and beginning farmers enter farming operations. Helping to maintain or increase domestic markets and increase export markets for grain crops and tobacco by improving quality of commodities compared to that of foreign competitors.    Helping to educate turfgrass managers on how to maintain surfaces that meet the needs of their desired uses while improving economic and environmental benefits of turfgrasses.  Work with farmers and those interested in farming on generational succession in farms to improve sustainability of the farms for generations.  Develop and implement a comprehensive framework for disaster readiness and climate adaptation that includes advanced forecasting, crop selection, and management practices to prepare for extreme weather events.   Youth Youth will make informed decisions regarding agricultural products and services.???  Youth will advocate for agriculture and sustainable fiber and food production in their communities. Youth will be life and work ready, contributing to the agricultural community as consumers, leaders, and innovators. Adult Economic, social, physical, or environmental situations that will change because individuals or communities adopted new (or improved existing) actions, practices, and behaviors (these also take time to mature)).  Forests ecosystem and economic values are enhanced, resulting?in?healthier forests, improved water quality, and increased revenue?  Wildlife habitat is increased and improved.  The sustainability of agricultural and forestry operations is increased and opportunities for further growth are improved.   Youth Youth will advocate for natural resources in their communities.???  Youth will be life and work ready, contributing to the natural resources community as consumers, leaders, and innovators.?? Youth actively adopt and apply advanced natural resources practices, demonstrating a growing commitment to the natural resources community.? Achieve a stable economic environment where small farms are consistently profitable and competitive within both local and broader markets.  Establish networks of urban farms that are integral to their local food systems, providing fresh produce and fostering urban-rural agricultural links.  Strive to have all participating small farms fully implement sustainable practices that protect and enhance natural resources.  Equip small farms to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of changing climate patterns, ensuring their sustainability and resilience.  Enhance the role of small farms in maintaining rural populations and contributing to cultural heritage, ensuring that these communities remain vibrant and connected.

Intermediate Outcomes:

Adult Annually implement strategies and production methods that result in increased efficiency, and number of animals produced /maintained, and animals harvested or pounds of milk produced.?  Increased biosecurity strategies that promote both animal and human health related behaviors for a safe food system.?  Increase or strengthen partnerships or relationships with commodity groups to address sustainable management strategies, health-focused care, and economic viability for all livestock.?  Annually evaluate how they care for and manage their horses using cost effective strategies.  Consider how they can use good biosecurity practices to ensure the health of their horses.   Youth Youth will practice skills gained from 4-H agricultural projects and clubs.??  Youth will communicate agricultural ideas and concepts more effectively.??  Youth actively adopt and apply advanced agricultural practices, demonstrating a growing commitment to the agricultural community.?? Adult Continue development and dissemination of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices by specialists and agents to educate producers and promote IPM practices and/or organic practices that reduce chemical inputs while maintaining crop health and productivity.  Expansion of Extension programming by broadening the scope of extension services to include more comprehensive support for agronomic and horticultural crops and forages suited to Kentucky's changing climate and soil conditions.  Explore the use of emerging production technologies to achieve increased adoption of technologies such as monitoring crop productivity, crop quality, soil health, and soil moisture levels across Kentucky's agricultural sectors.  Adoption of improved pesticide safety practices Increased adoption of effective crop protection (i.e. IPM) methods by stakeholders to manage diseases  Increased number of stakeholders who scout for diseases, monitor disease risk factors, and use research-based information  Early identification of potential disease outbreaks and awareness of disease trends  Judicious use of pesticide-based disease management Expansion of Extension programming by broadening the scope of extension services to include more comprehensive support for grain crops, forages, tobacco, hemp, and turfgrass suited to Kentucky's changing climate and soil conditions.  Explore the use of emerging production technologies to achieve increased adoption of technologies for such things as monitoring crop productivity, crop quality, soil health and soil moisture levels across Kentucky's agricultural sectors.  Adoption of improved pesticide application practices.  Improve understanding and compliance with state pesticide applicator regulations.  Proper implementation of technologies to help farmers, crop consultants, and pesticide applicators monitor, document, plant, harvest, and manage crops and forages. Technologies can include, but are not limited to, global navigation systems, section controls, applicator maps, soil sampling maps, yield maps, unmanned aerial vehicles, genetic traits, data analysis, etc.   Youth Youth will practice skills gained from 4-H agricultural projects and clubs.??  Youth will communicate agricultural ideas and concepts more effectively.??  Youth actively adopt and apply advanced agricultural practices, demonstrating a growing commitment to the agricultural community. Adult Youth will advocate for natural resources in their communities.???  Youth will be life and work ready, contributing to the natural resources community as consumers, leaders, and innovators.??  Youth actively adopt and apply advanced natural resources practices, demonstrating a growing commitment to the natural resources community.?   Youth Youth will take responsible action in natural resources conservation.??  Youth will aspire to explore careers in natural resources and environmental sciences.??  Youth will practice skills gained from 4-H natural resources projects and clubs.???  Youth will communicate natural resources ideas and concepts more effectively. Assist small farm owners in developing and implementing comprehensive whole farm plans that address financial, production, and environmental aspects.  Support the establishment of new farm enterprises that can offer innovative products and practices, enhancing the economic resilience of the small farm sector.  Provide robust support for estate planning and farm transitions to ensure the longevity of small farms across generations.  Develop and disseminate advanced risk management tools and insurance products tailored for the unique needs of small farms.  Increase the accessibility of modern agricultural technologies to small farms, coupled with training programs that enable owners to effectively use these technologies.

Initial Outcomes:

Adult   Animal production and management strategies encompass but are not limited to sustainable practices, health-focused care, and economic viability across all species. Activities will include programs to address and improve specific management systems and introduce new and emerging techniques, technology, and production systems for increased efficiency and profitability.?  Increase knowledge about sustainable and economically viable management practices.?  Increase skills related to efficient production methods across all species.?  Increase confidence in implementing new and emerging techniques, technology, and production systems.?  Increase confidence in making decisions related to promoting animal health-related behavior.?  Increase intentions to employ financially sound behavior regarding production methods, use of financial tools, health-focused care, and the human-animal interaction.?    Horses are kept primarily for sport and recreation. The majority of CES clientele can be placed in one of three general categories: 1) the new or first-time owner. These owners may have recently purchased a horse or have taken over full-time care of their horse, 2) Horse owners that have experience but are looking to validate what they do to make sure they are on the right track, and 3) the long time horse owner who is looking to improve management of their horses.  Horse owners will evaluate current practices and see where changes might be of benefit.  New horse owners can implement the management practices that fit their needs as new horse owners.      Long time horse owners can see the new technologies and management practices that may benefit their horse operations. Improve management skills to improve sustainability and reduce cost of ownership.   Youth Youth will explore their spark in agriculture.???  Youth will gain knowledge and develop skills in agriculture.?  Youth will develop a greater awareness and appreciation for the impact of agriculture in their daily life.??  Youth will expand life and work readiness skills in agriculture, gaining awareness of the diverse opportunities within the field of agriculture. Adult Increase adoption of data-driven practices through immediate trainings, workshops, and field visits to educate producers on the latest data-driven agricultural technologies, focusing on efficient resource utilization, pest resistance, and yield improvements.  Enhanced soil and water management programs by rolling out targeted extension programs that focus on soil health and water management techniques to immediately improve crop yield potentials.  Support for crop trials by initiating pilot projects that support the planting of diverse crops and horticultural species, such as vegetables, small fruit, tree fruit, herbs, and ornamental plants to assess short-term viability and consumer interest.  Initial and continuing education opportunities for certified pesticide applicators Stakeholders have knowledge and tools needed to better protect crops from diseases and to understand the benefits of adopting best disease management practices and resistance mitigation  Stakeholders are more aware of current and new and/or emerging disease issues  Stakeholders have access to timely diagnostics to avoid or reduce the impact of disease outbreaks  Stakeholders are more aware of UK plant pathology research and resources Increase adoption of data-driven practices through immediate trainings, workshops, and field visits to educate producers on the latest data-driven agricultural technologies, focusing on efficient resource utilization, pest resistance, sustainability, and yield improvements.  Enhanced soil and water management programs by rolling out targeted extension programs that focus on soil and water management techniques to immediately improve crop yield potentials and promote environmentally favorable practices.  Support for diverse crop trials by initiating pilot projects that support the planting of diverse crops.  Fulfillment of annual GAP Training requirements for GAP Certification of tobacco producers.  Facilitate trainings to provide necessary knowledge to support those desiring to obtain commercial and non-commercial applicator licenses and maintain CEUs from the Kentucky Department of Agriculture in the turf and ornamental category.  Assisting farmers who need to document specific climate objectives and/or management practices of grain and tobacco buyers.   Youth Youth will explore their spark in agriculture.???  Youth will gain knowledge and develop skills in agriculture.?  Youth will develop a greater awareness and appreciation for the impact of agriculture in their daily life.??  Youth will expand life and work readiness skills in agriculture, gaining awareness of the diverse opportunities within the field of agriculture. Adult Increase the awareness of sustainable forest management practices, economic pressures and technological barriers facing woodland owners and other interested individuals.      Increase knowledge and skills of individuals in both urban and rural settings to address immediate wildlife-related challenges and enhance biodiversity.   Develop the skills and ability of Woodland owners and Ag producers to actively manage wildlife-related damage and nuisance.  Develop emergency preparedness and response strategies focusing on preserving their Woodlands and mitigating immediate damage from events such as floods and tornadoes.   Youth Youth will explore their spark in natural resources.???  Youth will gain knowledge and develop skills in natural resources and environmental sciences.????  Youth will understand how their actions and choices impact natural resources and the environment.???  Youth will set goals to become good stewards of natural resources.??  Youth will expand life and work readiness skills, gaining awareness of the diverse opportunities within the field of natural resources. Develop and launch targeted educational programs that focus on sustainable practices, risk management, and cost reduction specifically tailored for small farm owners.  Increase access to existing resources and tools including online platforms to increase awareness and usability for small farm owners.  Facilitate connections between small farm owners and local markets, including urban markets, to help diversify sales channels and improve income stability.  Implement trial programs for specialty crops that could be suitable for small farms, providing a new avenue for diversification and innovation in crop production.  Organize community events and workshops that foster networking among small farm owners and promote the sharing of best practices and innovations.

Evaluation:

Beef

Outcome	Increased awareness of beef cattle quality assurance and care practices
Indicator	Number of participants who obtained BQCA certifications
Method	Post-program test
Timeline	After program participation or online

 

Outcome	Increased knowledge and/or awareness of management practices to improve cattle production efficiency
Indicator	Number of participants who reported an increase in their knowledge and/or awareness of management practices for improving cattle production efficiency.
Method	Survey
Timeline	At the program

 

Outcome	Implementation or utilization of knowledge gained to make changes in management of beef operation.
Indicator	Number of participants who reported making a change to improve their beef cattle management practices.
Method	Survey (post program) or records from individual consultations
Timeline	6-12 months after program

 

Equine

Outcome	Increased Horse Management Knowledge
Indicator	Number of horse owners using Body Condition scoring to manage their horses.  Number of horse owners changing practices to reduce feed waste.  Number of horse owners using hay selection and use based on forage testing evaluation
Method	Evaluation results and/or records from individual consultations
Timeline	ongoing

 

Outcome	Increased understanding of the horse industry
Indicator	Number of agent-led horse programing to their county programs.  Number of agents supporting Pastures Please and Farm and Facility Expo in their area.
Method	Evaluation results and/or records from individual consultations
Timeline	ongoing

 

Outcome	Understanding of equine farm and facility sustainable management
Indicator	Number of participants implementing mud management practices. Number of participants using temporary fences for grazing systems for horses.
Method	Evaluation results and records from individual consultations
Timeline	Ongoing

 

Outcome	Increased livestock marketing knowledge
Indicator	Number of participants who report increasing their knowledge of livestock marketing.
Method	Program evaluation tools/ surveys
Timeline	Ongoing

 

Outcome	Increased livestock management knowledge
Indicator	Number of livestock producers indicating increased understanding of farm management.
Method	Program evaluation tools / surveys
Timeline	Ongoing

 

Outcome	Short-term
Indicator	Number of youth who reported that they have realized the impact animal production has in daily life.  Number of youth who reported that they have an interest in animal production.  Number of youth who reported that they have identified at least one job/career in animal production and management that fits their interest.    Number of youth who reported that they understand animal production concepts and ideas.
Method	Survey
Timeline	Immediate Post Program

 

Outcome	Medium-term
Indicator	Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and/or skills gained in agriculture to make informed decisions.  Number of youth who reported that they have taken steps to pursue gaining more knowledge for a job in animal production based on their interests.   Number of youth who reported that they used knowledge and/or skills gained in animal production to complete a project.  Number of youth who reported that they adopted/applied one or more animal production practices.
Method	Participant interviews
Timeline	Post program

 

Outcome	Long-term
Indicator	Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study.
Method	Survey
Timeline	1+ years

 

Outcome	Improved production practices
Indicator	Number of commercial participants who reported improving their plant production or management practices.  Number of consumer participants who reported improving their plant production or management practices.
Method	Program evaluation tool/survey or records from individual consultations.
Timeline	After program participation.

 

Outcome	Stakeholders have knowledge and tools needed to better protect crops from diseases and understand the benefits of adopting best disease management practices and resistance mitigation. Stakeholders are more aware of UK plant pathology research
Indicator	Number of stakeholders who reported increased knowledge of research-based disease identification and management practices for crops grown in Kentucky and/or share that information with other stakeholders.
Method	Primarily surveys, records from consultations
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Early identification of potential disease outbreaks
Indicator	Number of stakeholders contacting Extension for help with disease identification and management.  Number of plant samples submitted to the PDDL.
Method	Sample diagnosis through the PDDL, direct communication with Extension Specialists
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Improved production practices and economic return of production inputs
Indicator	Number of participants who report increased economic return from improved production practices recommended in Plant Production and Management-related Extension programs.
Method	Surveys, participant feedback, CES agent feedback
Timeline	Frequently to annual

 

Outcome	Improved production practices
Indicator	Number of producers who reported increased knowledge of crop and forage production, fertility management, varieties, pest control, and/or sustainable practices.
Method	Surveys
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Improved tobacco production practices, efficiency, and profitability
Indicator	Number of tobacco producers reporting increased economic returns, efficiency, or profitability after attending tobacco production meetings where improved production practices are presented at annual research update meetings.
Method	Surveys, views of research data published on Dark and Burley Tobacco Web pages, views of Dark Tobacco in Kentucky and Tennessee Facebook page, ANR agent feedback
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Identification of diseases and abiotic problems in crops and forages
Indicator	Number of plant diagnoses made annually with diagnosis and recommendation reports sent to ANR agent and grower.
Method	ANR agent feedback, grower feedback
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Improved tobacco production practices, efficiency, and crop traceability
Indicator	Number of tobacco producers participating in annual GAP Training.  Number of tobacco producers reporting higher scores on annual third-party GAP Certification audits.
Method	GAP Training survey, Third-party GAP audit administered by GAP Connections, Views of research data published on Dark and Burley Tobacco Web pages, views of Dark Tobacco in Kentucky and Tennessee Facebook page
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Improved adoption of best management practices
Indicator	Number of turfgrass managers who reported that they gained knowledge of improved turfgrass management.
Method	Survey
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Improved adoption of best management practices and compliance with state regulations
Indicator	Number new applicator licenses awarded
Method	Survey and results from the KDA
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Improved knowledge base about the potential for hemp in KY
Indicator	Number of farms adopting/continuing hemp production.
Method	Survey of program participants
Timeline	Annual and on-going

 

Outcome	Improving forage and livestock management
Indicator	Number of participants that indicate high likelihood of implementation of improved forage and livestock management practices.
Method	Schools, workshops, conferences, and field days.     Information from these events will also be pushed out through KY Forages YouTube Channel and Master Grazer Facebook page.
Timeline	Programs are provided one or more times annually at multiple locations throughout Kentucky

 

Outcome	Stakeholders have knowledge and tools needed to better protect crops from weeds and understand the benefits of adopting best management practices for weed and resistance mitigation. Stakeholders are more aware of UK weed science research
Indicator	Number of stakeholders who reported increased knowledge of research-based weed identification and/or weed management practices for crops grown in Kentucky.
Method	Primarily surveys, consultations
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Increased crop marketing knowledge?
Indicator	Number of participants that increased their knowledge and use of risk management tools?
Method	Program attendance and evaluations / surveys
Timeline	Ongoing?

 

Outcome	Increased crop management knowledge and skills?
Indicator	Number of participants that increased their knowledge changed, cost reduction, and increased efficiency.
Method	Attendance and program evaluations / surveys
Timeline	Ongoing?

 

Outcome	Establishment of Community or Pollinator Gardens Planted
Indicator	Number of home or community gardeners who reported that they implemented environmental stewardship (pollinator gardens, rain catchment, etc.) Number of non-commercial growers who reported adoption of improved management practices (soil sampling, reduced pesticide applications, integrated pest management, etc.) Number of community members using or participating in public or community gardens Amount of produce donated from community gardens
Method	Visual confirmation
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Commercial specialty crop growers improve production and marketing practices
Indicator	Number of commercial growers who reported improved specialty crop production and/or management practices. Number of non-commercial home gardeners who reported improved planting and/or management practices.
Method	Participant interviews
Timeline	Ongoing

 

Youth

Outcome	Short-Term
Indicator	Number of youth who reported increased understanding of the impact (or role) of plant production in their daily lives.  Number of youth who reported an increased interest in plant production and management.   Number of youth who reported that they understand plant production concepts and ideas.  Number of youth who reported that they have identified at least one job/career in plant production and management that fits their interest
Method	Survey
Timeline	Administered immediately following program/activity

 

Outcome	Medium-Term
Indicator	Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and skills gained in plant production to make informed decisions.      Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and/or skills gained in plant production to complete a  project.  Number of youth who reported that they have taken steps to pursue gaining more knowledge for a job in plant production based on their interests.
Method	Survey
Timeline	Administered at end of program year/club year

 

Outcome	Long Term
Indicator	Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study.
Method	Survey
Timeline	End of program year or several years.

 

Outcome	Increased awareness of wildlife, forestry, and natural resources issues
Indicator	Number of participants who reported that they gained knowledge of wildlife.  Number of participants who reported they gained their awareness of forestry.  Number of participants who reported they gained their awareness of natural resources.
Method	Survey (Self-Assessment of Learning Gains)
Timeline	At program

 

Outcome	Increased management to address resources concerns
Indicator	Number of participants who reported that they developed new management plans.  Number of participants who reported an increase in the acres managed.  Number of participants (or state agencies) who reported that they implemented wildlife damage management practices
Method	Follow-up Survey (Survey previous participants) and tracking number of management plans implemented by state agencies
Timeline	Annually

 

Outcome	Increased understanding of invasive arthropod identification
Indicator	Number of learners that report knowledge gain in identification skills  Number of attendees that report knowledge gain in differentiating native and non-native arthropods (and close relatives)
Method	In person survey
Timeline	Immediately following Extension event

 

Outcome	Greater understanding of reporting invasive species to appropriate agencies
Indicator	Number of people self-reporting knowledge gain on how to properly report a sighting of an invasive insect, arachnid, or mollusk  Number of people reporting behavioral changes in reporting and in support of invasive species monitoring methods
Method	In person survey and year later survey
Timeline	In person surveys at Extension event and digital surveys distributed one year later

 

Outcome	Increased awareness of and use of safe/effective pesticide application methods
Indicator	Number of certified applicators attending continuing education credit Extension events (both private and commercial)  Number of people self-reporting knowledge gain on integrated pest management techniques   Number of people self-reporting behavioral changes regarding risk mitigation strategies for pesticide application
Method	Surveys at CEU events
Timeline	Post program

 

Outcome	Short?
Indicator	Number of youth who reported that they have identified their interest in natural resources.?  Number of youth who reported that they understand how their actions and choices impact natural resources and the environment.???  Number of youth who reported that they understand natural resources concepts and ideas.  Number of youth who reported that have set goals to become a good steward of natural resources.?
Method	Survey
Timeline	Administered immediately following program/activity

 

Outcome	Medium
Indicator	Number of youth who reported that have applied the skills they learned in natural resources to other areas of their life, including at home, school and other programs.   Number of youth who reported that they have taken steps to conserve natural resources.   Number of youth who reported that they have used their skills and/or knowledge gained to complete a natural resources project.
Method	Survey
Timeline	Administered at end of program year/club year

 

Outcome	Long-Term
Indicator	Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study.
Method	Survey
Timeline	Administered at end of program year/club year

 

Outcome	Improved commercial production practices for specialty crops
Indicator	Number of producers who reported increased yield.      Number of producers that reduced production inputs/costs.  Number of producers that improved quality, adoption of new technologies and better management practices (soil sampling, IPM, e.g.).   Number of producers that expanded or developed new markets. Number of commercial growers who reported increased yield in specialty crops (fruit, vegetables, herbs, etc.).   Number of commercial specialty crop growers who reported reduced production inputs/costs.  Number of commercial growers who reported improved produce quality. Number of commercial specialty crop growers who reported adoption of new technologies (acquisition of greenhouse, high tunnel, lighting, etc.) Number of commercial specialty crop growers who reported improved management practices (soil sampling, foliar sampling, integrated pest management, cover cropping, etc.) Number of commercial growers who reported that they expanded or developed new markets for specialty crops. Number of new or beginning specialty crop growers.
Method	Grower survey, direct observation and feedback
Timeline	ongoing

 

Outcome	Increased application of recommended horticultural practices for non-commercial production
Indicator	Number of people that implemented environmental stewardship.  Number of people that reduced pesticide applications.  Number of people that adopted improved management practices (soil sampling, IPM, e.g.).   Number of community members utilizing the sites and/or amount of produce donated from sites.  Number of trained volunteers and/or number of self-reported volunteer hours at community sites.
Method	Interactions with clients, attendance at Extension educational events, direct observation and feedback
Timeline	ongoing

Learning Opportunities:

Adult

 

Audience	Agents
Project or Activity	In-service updates / trainings
Content or Curriculum	Online series, in-person trainings developed as needed
Inputs	Coordination by IRM coordinators and Specialists
Date(s)	TBD

 

Audience	Beef Cattle Owners, Industry representatives, Agents
Project or Activity	BQCA trainings
Content or Curriculum	State BQCA videos and chute-side trainings
Inputs	BQCA videos and training materials
Date(s)	Fall & Spring

 

 

Audience	Beef Cattle Owners, Industry representatives, Agents
Project or Activity	Master Cattleman
Content or Curriculum	Master Cattleman curriculum
Inputs	Coordination with Beef IRM coordinators & specialists
Date(s)	TBD

 

 

 

Audience	Beef Cattle Owners, Industry representatives, Agents
Project or Activity	Freezer Beef Short Course
Content or Curriculum	Coordination by specialists
Inputs	Freezer Beef Program materials
Date(s)	Winter

 

 

 

Audience	Beef Cattle Owners, Industry representatives, Agents
Project or Activity	New Farmer Program
Content or Curriculum	Master Cattleman “Lite”
Inputs	Coordination with specialists and area agents
Date(s)	Spring

 

Equine

Audience	Ag and Natural Resource Agents
Project or Activity	First Friday Equine Industry Update
Content or Curriculum	Educational materials and program delivery
Inputs	UK Specialists
Date(s)	First Friday January – June, September - December

 

Audience	Adult Horse Owners
Project or Activity	Horses and Horsemen
Content or Curriculum	Seminars on Best management practices
Inputs	UK Specialist, ANR Agents Industry Professionals
Date(s)	TBD

 

Audience	Adult Horse Owners and Farm Managers
Project or Activity	Horses and Horsemen / Pastures Please
Content or Curriculum	Pasture Management practices
Inputs	Extension Specialists ANR Agents and Industry professionals
Date(s)	TBD

 

Youth

 

Audience	Youth
Project or Activity	Kentucky 4-H Livestock Program
Content or Curriculum	Kentucky Animal Science Livestock Discovery Website, Kentucky Livestock Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Project and Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Learning Lab Kits, National 4-H Project Books and Helper’s Guide, Kentucky 4-H Livestock Program Overview, Kentucky 4-H Livestock Rules and Guidelines
Inputs	4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.??  Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).?  Accredited volunteers in agriculture.?  Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.?  Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.?  Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.?  Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.?  Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.??  External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.??
Date(s)	Kentucky 4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31)  Kentucky 4-H Livestock Judging Contest (offered June each year)  Kentucky 4-H Livestock Skillathon and Quiz Bowl Contest (offered each year)  Kentucky 4-H Livestock Shows (offered each year)

 

Audience	Youth
Project or Activity	Kentucky 4-H Poultry Program
Content or Curriculum	Pullet Project Guide (university of Kentucky), National 4-H Poultry Judging Manual published by Nebraska Cooperative Extension Service, Evaluating Egg Laying Hens (University of Kentucky), Standards for Scoring Placing Classes (University of Kentucky), Kentucky 4-H Poultry: Giving Oral Reasons (University of Kentucky), Notesheet for Poultry Reasons (University of Kentucky), Criteria for Evaluating Oral Reasons (University of Kentucky), Kentucky 4-H Poultry: Grading RTC Poultry (University of Kentucky), Kentucky 4-H Poultry: Grading Eggs (University of Kentucky), Examples of Different Grades of Broken Out Eggs (University of Kentucky)
Inputs	4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.??  Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).?  Accredited volunteers in agriculture.?  Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.?  Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.?  Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.?  Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.?  Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.??  External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.??
Date(s)	Kentucky 4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31)  Kentucky 4-H Poultry Showmanship (offered Kentucky State Fair - August each year)  Kentucky 4-H Avian Bowl (offered Kentucky State Fair - August each year)  Kentucky 4-H Poultry Judging (offered Kentucky State Fair - August each year)

 

Audience	Youth
Project or Activity	Kentucky 4-H Rabbit Program
Content or Curriculum	Ohio State University (OSU) Rabbit Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Rabbit Project Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Rabbit Learning Lab Kit, National 4-H Rabbit Curriculum Levels 1-3 and Helper’s Guide, American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA) Standard of Perfection, Kentucky 4-H Rabbit Program Guide and Rule Book, 4-H Rabbit Program Overview
Inputs	4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.??  Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).?  Accredited volunteers in agriculture.?  Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.?  Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.?  Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.?  Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.?  Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.??  External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.???
Date(s)	Kentucky 4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31)  Kentucky 4-H Rabbit Show (offered Kentucky State Fair - August each year)

 

Audience	Youth
Project or Activity	4-H Clubwork (Livestock, Dairy, Horse, Poultry, Rabbit, Dog, and Vet Science)
Content or Curriculum	Livestock: Kentucky Animal Science Livestock Discovery Website, Kentucky Livestock Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Project and Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Learning Lab Kits, National 4-H Project Books and Helper’s Guide, Kentucky 4-H Livestock Program Overview, Kentucky 4-H Livestock Rules and Guidelines  Dairy: 4-H Livestock Discovery, Kentucky Livestock Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Holstein Foundation Study Questions  Horse: Ohio State University (OSU) Horse Learning Lab Kit, Kentucky Horse Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Horse Reference Manual (Alberta 4-H), 4-H Horse Academy, Kentucky 4-H Horse Website  Poultry: Kentucky 4-H Avian Bowl Manual, National 4-H Poultry Judging Manual published by Nebraska Cooperative Extension Service, Evaluating Egg Laying Hens (University of Kentucky), Standards for Scoring Placing Classes (University of Kentucky), Kentucky 4-H Poultry: Giving Oral Reasons (University of Kentucky), Notesheet for Poultry Reasons (University of Kentucky), Criteria for Evaluating Oral Reasons (University of Kentucky), Kentucky 4-H Poultry: Grading RTC Poultry (University of Kentucky), Kentucky 4-H Poultry: Grading Eggs (University of Kentucky), Examples of Different Grades of Broken Out Eggs (University of Kentucky), The Egg and I, Chick Incubation  Rabbit: Ohio State University (OSU) Rabbit Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Rabbit Project Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Rabbit Learning Lab Kit, National 4-H Rabbit Curriculum Levels 1-3 and Helper’s Guide, American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA) Standard of Perfection, Kentucky 4-H Rabbit Program Guide and Rule Book, 4-H Rabbit Program Overview  Dog: Kentucky Dog Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Ohio State University (OSU) Dog Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Dog Project and Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Dog Learning Lab Kit, National 4-H Dog Curriculum Levels 1-3 and Helper’s Guide, American Kennel Club Website, Kentucky 4-H Dog Program Rule Book, Kentucky 4-H Dog Program Overview
Inputs	4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.??  Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).?  Accredited volunteers in agriculture.?  Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.?  Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.?  Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.?  Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.?  Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.??  External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.???
Date(s)	4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31)

 

Audience	Youth
Project or Activity	Kentucky 4-H Country Ham Program
Content or Curriculum	Kentucky Animal Science Livestock Discovery Website, Kentucky Livestock Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Project and Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Learning Lab Kits, National 4-H Project Books and Helper’s Guide, Country Ham Meat Lesson Kit (University of Kentucky)
Inputs	4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.??  Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).?  Accredited volunteers in agriculture.?  Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.?  Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.?  Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.?  Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.?  Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.??  External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.??
Date(s)	4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31)  Kentucky 4-H Country Ham Contest (offered Kentucky State Fair - August each year)

 

Audience	Specialty crop growers
Project or Activity	Programming for specialty crop production and management
Content or Curriculum	Publications, Fact Sheets, Workshops, Field Days, County Meetings, Regional Meetings, Field Visits, emails and phone calls
Inputs	Extension Specialists, Kentucky Horticulture Council, USDA funding, Dept of Labor funding, county agents, KDA, professional member organizations
Date(s)	Winter

 

Audience	Home owners and consumers
Project or Activity	Programming for home gardening and landscape management
Content or Curriculum	Publications, Fact Sheets, Workshops, County Meetings, Regional Meetings, emails and phone calls
Inputs	Extension Specialists, USDA funding, county agents, KDA, Kentucky Extension Master Gardener Program
Date(s)	Spring

 

Audience	Agricultural stakeholders (farmers, certified crop advisors, industry, others)
Project or Activity	Identification and management of diseases that affect grain, forage crops and tobacco. Grain crops include corn, sorghum, soybean, small grains, canola.
Content or Curriculum	Publications, Live and virtual trainings, online videos, workshops, field days, county meetings, regional and national meetings, field visits, emails and phone calls
Inputs	UK Plant Pathology Extension Specialists, research and extension funding
Date(s)	Annual

 

Audience	Agricultural stakeholders (producers, industry, others)
Project or Activity	Disease identification and management of horticulture and specialty crops. Crops include tree and berry fruits, hemp, field and high tunnel vegetables, greenhouse floriculture, landscapes and urban forests, and home horticulture
Content or Curriculum	Publications, Live and virtual trainings, online videos, workshops, field days, county meetings, regional and national meetings, field visits, emails and phone calls
Inputs	UK Plant Pathology Extension Specialists, research and extension funding
Date(s)	Annual

 

Audience	Grain crop, forage, tobacco, and hemp producers, agribusiness and government agencies.
Project or Activity	Programs that support soil fertility and soil management practices to improve crop production, reduce negative environmental impacts, and enhance overall profitability in a sustainable manner.
Content or Curriculum	Educational materials to include Publications, Fact Sheets, Newsletters, Workshops, Field Days, County Meetings, Regional Meetings, TV and Radio Broadcasts, Videos, Field Visits, emails and phone calls, Twilight Pasture Walks
Inputs	UK Soil and Crops Specialists, experts and interested parties
Date(s)	Frequently to annual

 

Audience	Tobacco growers
Project or Activity	Tobacco production and research update meetings, field days, phone calls, and other consultations.
Content or Curriculum	Program delivery, educational materials
Inputs	UK tobacco specialists
Date(s)	Annual

 

Audience	Agricultural producers and the public
Project or Activity	Pest and disease identification
Content or Curriculum	Clinical diagnoses and trainings
Inputs	PSS extension specialists assistance to diagnostic labs diagnostic services
Date(s)	Frequently throughout the year

 

Audience	Tobacco growers
Project or Activity	Annual Tobacco Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) Training
Content or Curriculum	Educational materials (live trainings, virtual trainings, online video modules, supporting publications), program delivery
Inputs	UK Tobacco specialists, GAP Connections (administrator of GAP program), tobacco dealers and manufacturers
Date(s)	Annual (25 per year)

 

Audience	Hemp producers, potential hemp producers, hemp industry professionals
Project or Activity	Hemp Education
Content or Curriculum	Live trainings, virtual training, online videos, field days, supporting educational publications, program delivery, diagnostic support.
Inputs	UK Extension Specialists and Associates, ANR agents
Date(s)	Annual and on-going

 

Audience	Agricultural stakeholders (farmers, certified crop advisors, industry, others)
Project or Activity	Weed identification and management of grain and forage crops. Grain crops include corn, sorghum, soybean, small grains, and canola.
Content or Curriculum	Publications, Live and virtual trainings, online videos, workshops, field days, county meetings, regional and national meetings, field visits, emails and phone calls
Inputs	UK Weed Science Extension Specialists, research and extension funding
Date(s)	Annual

 

Audience	Youth
Project or Activity	4-H Plant and Soil Science Projects?(e.g., fair displays and exhibit entries)
Content or Curriculum	National and State-Level Research-Based, Vetted Publications, Curricula, and Educational Resources (e.g., Junior Master Gardener, National 4-H Gardening Series, 4-H State Fair Exhibit Factsheets, Extension Publications)?
Inputs	4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.???  Accredited volunteers in agriculture.??  Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.??  Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.??  Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.??  Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.??  Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.???  External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.
Date(s)	4-H Program Year (September 1 – August 31)

 

Audience	Landowners
Project or Activity	Woodland Owners Short Course
Content or Curriculum	Range of speakers representing different topics and important agencies, webinar and field components
Inputs	Developed in partnership with Billy Thomas, meeting local community needs and partners.
Date(s)	Fall

 

Audience	Adults
Project or Activity	IPM, Pesticide Programs, and KY Ag Water Quality
Content or Curriculum	Educational materials and program delivery
Inputs	Extension ANR Agent, NRCS Personnel
Date(s)	Year Round

 

Audience	General public
Project or Activity	Pest and disease identification
Content or Curriculum	Clinical diagnoses and trainings
Inputs	Diagnostic labs and services
Date(s)	Spring

 

Audience	4-H Members
Project or Activity	Kentucky 4-H Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Academy and Teen Ambassador Program
Content or Curriculum	Water, Entomology, Forestry, Wildlife; Curriculum - National and State-Level Research-Based, Vetted Publications, Curricula, and Educational Resources (e.g., Project WET, Project WILD, Project Learning Tree, Project Underground, Leopold Education Project)?
Inputs	4-H programs in natural resources in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful to them.???  Accredited volunteers in natural resources.???  Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.???  Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.???  Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.???  Engagement of staff, volunteers, and youth in delivering the program.
Date(s)	4-H Program Year (September 1 – August 31)

 

Audience	4-H Members
Project or Activity	4-H Natural Resources Projects?(e.g., insect collections, leaf collections, leaf print collections, wood science projects, rock, mineral, and/or fossil collections)
Content or Curriculum	Entomology, Forestry, Wood Science, Geology; Curriculum - National and State-Level Research-Based, Vetted Publications, Curricula, and Educational Resources?
Inputs	4-H programs in natural resources in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful to them.???  Accredited volunteers in natural resources.???  Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.???  Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.???  Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.???  Engagement of staff, volunteers and youth in delivering the program.
Date(s)	4-H Program Year (September 1 – August 31)

 

Audience	Specialty Crop Growers
Project or Activity	Programming for commercial or pre-commercial (training to be commercial growers) specialty crop production and management
Content or Curriculum	Publications, Fact Sheets, Workshops, Field Days, County Meetings, Regional Meetings, Field Visits, emails and phone calls
Inputs	Extension Specialists, Kentucky Horticulture Council, USDA funding, Dept of Labor funding, county agents, KDA, professional member organizations, governmental agencies (NRCS, FSA, etc.)
Date(s)	Winter

 

Audience	Non-commercial urban and community gardeners
Project or Activity	Programming for specialty crop production and management that is non-commercial
Content or Curriculum	Publications, Fact Sheets, Workshops, Field Days, County Meetings, Regional Meetings, Field Visits, emails and phone calls
Inputs	Extension Specialists, Kentucky Horticulture Council, USDA funding, Dept of Labor funding, county agents, KDA, professional member organizations, community advocacy and faith-based groups, schools
Date(s)	Spring

Evaluation:

Beef

Outcome	Increased awareness of beef cattle quality assurance and care practices
Indicator	Number of participants who obtained BQCA certifications
Method	Post-program test
Timeline	After program participation or online

 

Outcome	Increased knowledge and/or awareness of management practices to improve cattle production efficiency
Indicator	Number of participants who reported an increase in their knowledge and/or awareness of management practices for improving cattle production efficiency.
Method	Survey
Timeline	At the program

 

Outcome	Implementation or utilization of knowledge gained to make changes in management of beef operation.
Indicator	Number of participants who reported making a change to improve their beef cattle management practices.
Method	Survey (post program) or records from individual consultations
Timeline	6-12 months after program

 

Equine

Outcome	Increased Horse Management Knowledge
Indicator	Number of horse owners using Body Condition scoring to manage their horses.  Number of horse owners changing practices to reduce feed waste.  Number of horse owners using hay selection and use based on forage testing evaluation
Method	Evaluation results and/or records from individual consultations
Timeline	ongoing

 

Outcome	Increased understanding of the horse industry
Indicator	Number of agent-led horse programing to their county programs.  Number of agents supporting Pastures Please and Farm and Facility Expo in their area.
Method	Evaluation results and/or records from individual consultations
Timeline	ongoing

 

Outcome	Understanding of equine farm and facility sustainable management
Indicator	Number of participants implementing mud management practices. Number of participants using temporary fences for grazing systems for horses.
Method	Evaluation results and records from individual consultations
Timeline	Ongoing

 

Outcome	Increased livestock marketing knowledge
Indicator	Number of participants who report increasing their knowledge of livestock marketing.
Method	Program evaluation tools/ surveys
Timeline	Ongoing

 

Outcome	Increased livestock management knowledge
Indicator	Number of livestock producers indicating increased understanding of farm management.
Method	Program evaluation tools / surveys
Timeline	Ongoing

 

Outcome	Short-term
Indicator	Number of youth who reported that they have realized the impact animal production has in daily life.  Number of youth who reported that they have an interest in animal production.  Number of youth who reported that they have identified at least one job/career in animal production and management that fits their interest.    Number of youth who reported that they understand animal production concepts and ideas.
Method	Survey
Timeline	Immediate Post Program

 

Outcome	Medium-term
Indicator	Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and/or skills gained in agriculture to make informed decisions.  Number of youth who reported that they have taken steps to pursue gaining more knowledge for a job in animal production based on their interests.   Number of youth who reported that they used knowledge and/or skills gained in animal production to complete a project.  Number of youth who reported that they adopted/applied one or more animal production practices.
Method	Participant interviews
Timeline	Post program

 

Outcome	Long-term
Indicator	Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study.
Method	Survey
Timeline	1+ years

 

Outcome	Improved production practices
Indicator	Number of commercial participants who reported improving their plant production or management practices.  Number of consumer participants who reported improving their plant production or management practices.
Method	Program evaluation tool/survey or records from individual consultations.
Timeline	After program participation.

 

Outcome	Stakeholders have knowledge and tools needed to better protect crops from diseases and understand the benefits of adopting best disease management practices and resistance mitigation. Stakeholders are more aware of UK plant pathology research
Indicator	Number of stakeholders who reported increased knowledge of research-based disease identification and management practices for crops grown in Kentucky and/or share that information with other stakeholders.
Method	Primarily surveys, records from consultations
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Early identification of potential disease outbreaks
Indicator	Number of stakeholders contacting Extension for help with disease identification and management.  Number of plant samples submitted to the PDDL.
Method	Sample diagnosis through the PDDL, direct communication with Extension Specialists
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Improved production practices and economic return of production inputs
Indicator	Number of participants who report increased economic return from improved production practices recommended in Plant Production and Management-related Extension programs.
Method	Surveys, participant feedback, CES agent feedback
Timeline	Frequently to annual

 

Outcome	Improved production practices
Indicator	Number of producers who reported increased knowledge of crop and forage production, fertility management, varieties, pest control, and/or sustainable practices.
Method	Surveys
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Improved tobacco production practices, efficiency, and profitability
Indicator	Number of tobacco producers reporting increased economic returns, efficiency, or profitability after attending tobacco production meetings where improved production practices are presented at annual research update meetings.
Method	Surveys, views of research data published on Dark and Burley Tobacco Web pages, views of Dark Tobacco in Kentucky and Tennessee Facebook page, ANR agent feedback
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Identification of diseases and abiotic problems in crops and forages
Indicator	Number of plant diagnoses made annually with diagnosis and recommendation reports sent to ANR agent and grower.
Method	ANR agent feedback, grower feedback
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Improved tobacco production practices, efficiency, and crop traceability
Indicator	Number of tobacco producers participating in annual GAP Training.  Number of tobacco producers reporting higher scores on annual third-party GAP Certification audits.
Method	GAP Training survey, Third-party GAP audit administered by GAP Connections, Views of research data published on Dark and Burley Tobacco Web pages, views of Dark Tobacco in Kentucky and Tennessee Facebook page
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Improved adoption of best management practices
Indicator	Number of turfgrass managers who reported that they gained knowledge of improved turfgrass management.
Method	Survey
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Improved adoption of best management practices and compliance with state regulations
Indicator	Number new applicator licenses awarded
Method	Survey and results from the KDA
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Improved knowledge base about the potential for hemp in KY
Indicator	Number of farms adopting/continuing hemp production.
Method	Survey of program participants
Timeline	Annual and on-going

 

Outcome	Improving forage and livestock management
Indicator	Number of participants that indicate high likelihood of implementation of improved forage and livestock management practices.
Method	Schools, workshops, conferences, and field days.     Information from these events will also be pushed out through KY Forages YouTube Channel and Master Grazer Facebook page.
Timeline	Programs are provided one or more times annually at multiple locations throughout Kentucky

 

Outcome	Stakeholders have knowledge and tools needed to better protect crops from weeds and understand the benefits of adopting best management practices for weed and resistance mitigation. Stakeholders are more aware of UK weed science research
Indicator	Number of stakeholders who reported increased knowledge of research-based weed identification and/or weed management practices for crops grown in Kentucky.
Method	Primarily surveys, consultations
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Increased crop marketing knowledge?
Indicator	Number of participants that increased their knowledge and use of risk management tools?
Method	Program attendance and evaluations / surveys
Timeline	Ongoing?

 

Outcome	Increased crop management knowledge and skills?
Indicator	Number of participants that increased their knowledge changed, cost reduction, and increased efficiency.
Method	Attendance and program evaluations / surveys
Timeline	Ongoing?

 

Outcome	Establishment of Community or Pollinator Gardens Planted
Indicator	Number of home or community gardeners who reported that they implemented environmental stewardship (pollinator gardens, rain catchment, etc.) Number of non-commercial growers who reported adoption of improved management practices (soil sampling, reduced pesticide applications, integrated pest management, etc.) Number of community members using or participating in public or community gardens Amount of produce donated from community gardens
Method	Visual confirmation
Timeline	Annual

 

Outcome	Commercial specialty crop growers improve production and marketing practices
Indicator	Number of commercial growers who reported improved specialty crop production and/or management practices. Number of non-commercial home gardeners who reported improved planting and/or management practices.
Method	Participant interviews
Timeline	Ongoing

 

Youth

Outcome	Short-Term
Indicator	Number of youth who reported increased understanding of the impact (or role) of plant production in their daily lives.  Number of youth who reported an increased interest in plant production and management.   Number of youth who reported that they understand plant production concepts and ideas.  Number of youth who reported that they have identified at least one job/career in plant production and management that fits their interest
Method	Survey
Timeline	Administered immediately following program/activity

 

Outcome	Medium-Term
Indicator	Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and skills gained in plant production to make informed decisions.      Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and/or skills gained in plant production to complete a  project.  Number of youth who reported that they have taken steps to pursue gaining more knowledge for a job in plant production based on their interests.
Method	Survey
Timeline	Administered at end of program year/club year

 

Outcome	Long Term
Indicator	Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study.
Method	Survey
Timeline	End of program year or several years.

 

Outcome	Increased awareness of wildlife, forestry, and natural resources issues
Indicator	Number of participants who reported that they gained knowledge of wildlife.  Number of participants who reported they gained their awareness of forestry.  Number of participants who reported they gained their awareness of natural resources.
Method	Survey (Self-Assessment of Learning Gains)
Timeline	At program

 

Outcome	Increased management to address resources concerns
Indicator	Number of participants who reported that they developed new management plans.  Number of participants who reported an increase in the acres managed.  Number of participants (or state agencies) who reported that they implemented wildlife damage management practices
Method	Follow-up Survey (Survey previous participants) and tracking number of management plans implemented by state agencies
Timeline	Annually

 

Outcome	Increased understanding of invasive arthropod identification
Indicator	Number of learners that report knowledge gain in identification skills  Number of attendees that report knowledge gain in differentiating native and non-native arthropods (and close relatives)
Method	In person survey
Timeline	Immediately following Extension event

 

Outcome	Greater understanding of reporting invasive species to appropriate agencies
Indicator	Number of people self-reporting knowledge gain on how to properly report a sighting of an invasive insect, arachnid, or mollusk  Number of people reporting behavioral changes in reporting and in support of invasive species monitoring methods
Method	In person survey and year later survey
Timeline	In person surveys at Extension event and digital surveys distributed one year later

 

Outcome	Increased awareness of and use of safe/effective pesticide application methods
Indicator	Number of certified applicators attending continuing education credit Extension events (both private and commercial)  Number of people self-reporting knowledge gain on integrated pest management techniques   Number of people self-reporting behavioral changes regarding risk mitigation strategies for pesticide application
Method	Surveys at CEU events
Timeline	Post program

 

Outcome	Short?
Indicator	Number of youth who reported that they have identified their interest in natural resources.?  Number of youth who reported that they understand how their actions and choices impact natural resources and the environment.???  Number of youth who reported that they understand natural resources concepts and ideas.  Number of youth who reported that have set goals to become a good steward of natural resources.?
Method	Survey
Timeline	Administered immediately following program/activity

 

Outcome	Medium
Indicator	Number of youth who reported that have applied the skills they learned in natural resources to other areas of their life, including at home, school and other programs.   Number of youth who reported that they have taken steps to conserve natural resources.   Number of youth who reported that they have used their skills and/or knowledge gained to complete a natural resources project.
Method	Survey
Timeline	Administered at end of program year/club year

 

Outcome	Long-Term
Indicator	Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study.
Method	Survey
Timeline	Administered at end of program year/club year

 

Outcome	Improved commercial production practices for specialty crops
Indicator	Number of producers who reported increased yield.      Number of producers that reduced production inputs/costs.  Number of producers that improved quality, adoption of new technologies and better management practices (soil sampling, IPM, e.g.).   Number of producers that expanded or developed new markets. Number of commercial growers who reported increased yield in specialty crops (fruit, vegetables, herbs, etc.).   Number of commercial specialty crop growers who reported reduced production inputs/costs.  Number of commercial growers who reported improved produce quality. Number of commercial specialty crop growers who reported adoption of new technologies (acquisition of greenhouse, high tunnel, lighting, etc.) Number of commercial specialty crop growers who reported improved management practices (soil sampling, foliar sampling, integrated pest management, cover cropping, etc.) Number of commercial growers who reported that they expanded or developed new markets for specialty crops. Number of new or beginning specialty crop growers.
Method	Grower survey, direct observation and feedback
Timeline	ongoing

 

Outcome	Increased application of recommended horticultural practices for non-commercial production
Indicator	Number of people that implemented environmental stewardship.  Number of people that reduced pesticide applications.  Number of people that adopted improved management practices (soil sampling, IPM, e.g.).   Number of community members utilizing the sites and/or amount of produce donated from sites.  Number of trained volunteers and/or number of self-reported volunteer hours at community sites.
Method	Interactions with clients, attendance at Extension educational events, direct observation and feedback
Timeline	ongoing