Greenup County CES

County Emphasis:

Sustainability of Family Farms in Greenup County

Concentration 1:

Small Farm Development

Concentration 2:

Sustainability, Natural Resources and Wildlife Management, and Environment

Concentration 3:

Financial Security and Economic Well-Being

Concentration 4:

Animal Production and Management

Situation:

Small farm development is a crucial aspect of the Kentucky agricultural sector, especially in the context of supporting rural economies and ensuring food security. The National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) defines a small farm as an operation with a gross cash farm income of $250,000 or less. These farms are typically family-owned and operated, and they represent more than 90 percent of farms in the U.S. These farms face challenges such as urbanization, an aging farmer population, farm consolidation, new and beginning farmers, and changing climate patterns.

Small farms play a vital role in the competitiveness and sustainability of rural and farm economies, protecting and enhancing natural resources and the environment, and maintaining rural populations. Urban small scale farm production is an emerging and fast grow segment of farm economies. The development and sustainability of small farms is important in providing a nursery for new enterprises and marketing systems, which is crucial for innovation and diversification in agriculture. Small farm development can be hindered by access to capital, markets, and technology. Additionally, owners of small farms may lack the knowledge or resources to implement sustainable practices that could improve their economic viability and environmental stewardship.

Kentucky Cooperative Extension will continue to aid small farm owners by providing educational opportunities and increasing awareness of resources offered through various programs and online platforms. This includes developing new and improved practices to reduce production costs, protect and improve soil and water resources, and offer options for specialty crop production. Extension personnel will also promote whole farm plans, estate planning, farm transitions, risk management, and market opportunities.

The development of small farms is imperative for the health of Kentucky’s agricultural sector, rural communities and emerge urban agriculture

Youth-

Kentucky’s youth should have access to education and life-skills in animal production and management. According to the 2022 U.S. Census of Agriculture, Kentucky has seen a decline in the number of farms and agricultural land, alongside a slight increase in the average age of producers and farm size. Successful operation of farms and ranches requires business skills, ongoing training and education, and safety awareness (USDA, 2024). The University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service Community Needs Assessment (2023) highlights key agricultural priorities, including youth life skill training, workforce readiness, access to affordable and nutritious food, support for the local agriculture industry, and promoting agricultural literacy among youth. 4-H projects in animal production and management can help young people develop life skills, learn about responsibility, and gain content knowledge about animals through breeding or market projects.

County Situation:

According to the 2022 Census of Agriculture the number of Kentucky farms has dropped by 6,500.    With there being far fewer small farms which are under 180 acres.   Farm shortage can be related to fewer young families continuing to farm.  The land is then sold and purchased for development.

It is a struggle to be a young farmer. The cost to purchase and operate a family farm is extremely expensive to due the rising cost of land prices.  Not to mention the rising cost of inputs such as equipment, supplies, fertilizers, soil etc.

The goal of the Greenup County Extension Service is to provide educational resources and training to small farmers.  This will arm them with the resource and knowledge to manage farms to enable these to be passed on to continue farming. 

Long-Term Outcomes:

• Achieve a stable economic environment where small farms are consistently profitable and competitive within both local and broader markets.
• Strive to have all participating small farms fully implement sustainable practices that protect and enhance natural resources. 
• Equip small farms to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of changing climate patterns, ensuring their sustainability and resilience. 
• Enhance the role of small farms in maintaining rural populations and contributing to cultural heritage, ensuring that these communities remain vibrant and connected

Youth-

1. Youth will make informed decisions regarding agricultural products and services. 
2. Youth will advocate for agriculture and sustainable fiber and food production in their communities. 
3. Youth will be life and work ready, contributing to the agricultural community as consumers, leaders, and innovators. 

Intermediate Outcomes:

• Assist small farm owners in developing and implementing comprehensive whole farm plans that address financial, production, and environmental aspects. 
• Support the establishment of new farm enterprises that can offer innovative products and practices, enhancing the economic resilience of the small farm sector. 
• Provide robust support for estate planning and farm transitions to ensure the longevity of small farms across generations. 

Youth-

1. Youth will practice skills gained from 4-H agricultural projects and clubs. 
2. Youth will communicate agricultural ideas and concepts more effectively. 
3. Youth actively adopt and apply advanced agricultural practices, demonstrating a growing commitment to the agricultural community. 

Initial Outcomes:

• Develop and launch targeted educational programs that focus on sustainable practices, risk management, and cost reduction specifically tailored for small farm owners. 
• Increase access to existing resources and tools including online platforms to increase awareness and usability for small farm owners. 
• Implement trial programs for specialty crops that could be suitable for small farms, providing a new avenue for diversification and innovation in crop production. 
• Organize community events and workshops that foster networking among small farm owners and promote the sharing of best practices and innovations.

Youth- 

1. Youth will explore their spark in agriculture. 
2. Youth will gain knowledge and develop skills in agriculture.
3. Youth will develop a greater awareness and appreciation for the impact of agriculture on their daily life. 
4. Youth will expand life and work readiness skills in agriculture, gaining awareness of the diverse opportunities within the field of agriculture.

Evaluation:

Initial Outcome: Identify where to access resources 

Indicator: survey

Method: pre and post survey 

Timeline: ongoing 

Youth Initial Outcome- 

Outcome	Short-term
Indicator	Number of youth who reported that they have realized the impact animal production has in daily life.  Number of youth who reported that they have an interest in animal production.  Number of youth who reported that they have identified at least one job/career in animal production and management that fits their interest.    Number of youth who reported that they understand animal production concepts and ideas.
Method	Survey
Timeline	Immediate Post Program

Intermediate Outcome:

Indicator:  Increased sound financial decision making & increased access to community financial resources 

Method: Surveys & personal visits

Timeline: ongoing 

Youth Intermediate Outcome:

Outcome	Medium-term
Indicator	Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and/or skills gained in agriculture to make informed decisions.  Number of youth who reported that they have taken steps to pursue gaining more knowledge for a job in animal production based on their interests.   Number of youth who reported that they used knowledge and/or skills gained in animal production to complete a project.  Number of youth who reported that they adopted/applied one or more animal production practices.
Method	Survey
Timeline	6+ months

Long-term Outcome:

Indicator: Improved financial and resource management skills & increase in income or developed an estate plan 

Method: Number of individuals who reported developing skills related to family finance and resource management

Timeline: Post- program survey results and follow- up evaluation 

Youth Long-term outcome

Outcome	Long-term
Indicator	Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study.
Method	Survey
Timeline	1+ years

Learning Opportunities:

Audience: Farm & Landowners 

Project or Activity: Estate Planning & Farm Transition 

Content or Curriculum: University of Kentucky Extension curriculum 

Inputs: local extension office, extension agents, local attorneys, Kentucky Farm Bureau resources 

Date: Fall 2026-2030

Audience:  Woodland Owners/ Master Loggers 

Project or Activity: Woods & Wildlife for Your Wallet 

Content or Curriculum:  UK Master Logger curriculum, 

Inputs: University of Kentucky Specialists, local extension agents, local schools, Greenup County FFA Chapter 

Date: February 2026-2030

Audience: New & Beginning Farmers 

Project or Activity: Conference

Content or Curriculum: University of Kentucky Primer 

Inputs: University of Kentucky Extension Specialists, Extension Agents, Morehead State University farm arena 

Date: Spring 2027

Audience: Animal Producers 

Project or activity: Beef Quality & Care Assurance Training,  Goat & Sheep Herd Health Training,  Forage & Health Management 

Content or Curriculum:  

Inputs: University of Kentucky Extension Specialists, Kentucky Beef Network, local commodity groups

Audience	Youth
Project or Activity	Equine
Content or Curriculum	Ohio State University (OSU) Horse Learning Lab Kit, Kentucky Horse Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Horse Reference Manual (Alberta 4-H), 4-H Horse Academy, Kentucky 4-H Horse Website
Inputs	4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.  Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).  Accredited volunteers in agriculture.  Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.  Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.  Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.  Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.  Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.  External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.
Date(s)	Kentucky 4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31)  Kentucky 4-H Horse Contest (offered June each year)  Kentucky 4-H Horse Show (offered August each year)

Audience	Youth
Project or Activity	Kentucky 4-H Livestock Program
Content or Curriculum	Kentucky Animal Science Livestock Discovery Website, Kentucky Livestock Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Project and Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Learning Lab Kits, National 4-H Project Books and Helper’s Guide, Kentucky 4-H Livestock Program Overview, Kentucky 4-H Livestock Rules and Guidelines
Inputs	4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.  Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).  Accredited volunteers in agriculture.  Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.  Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.  Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.  Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.  Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.  External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.
Date(s)	Kentucky 4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31)  Kentucky 4-H Livestock Judging Contest (offered June each year)  Kentucky 4-H Livestock Skillathon and Quiz Bowl Contest (offered each year)  Kentucky 4-H Livestock Shows (offered each year) Greenup County Fair (offered each year)

Audience	Youth
Project or Activity	4-H Clubwork (Livestock, Dairy, Horse, Poultry, Rabbit,  and Vet Science)
Content or Curriculum	Livestock: Kentucky Animal Science Livestock Discovery Website, Kentucky Livestock Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Project and Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Learning Lab Kits, National 4-H Project Books and Helper’s Guide, Kentucky 4-H Livestock Program Overview, Kentucky 4-H Livestock Rules and Guidelines  Dairy: 4-H Livestock Discovery, Kentucky Livestock Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Holstein Foundation Study Questions  Horse: Ohio State University (OSU) Horse Learning Lab Kit, Kentucky Horse Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Horse Reference Manual (Alberta 4-H), 4-H Horse Academy, Kentucky 4-H Horse Website  Poultry: Kentucky 4-H Avian Bowl Manual, National 4-H Poultry Judging Manual published by Nebraska Cooperative Extension Service, Evaluating Egg Laying Hens (University of Kentucky), Standards for Scoring Placing Classes (University of Kentucky), Kentucky 4-H Poultry: Giving Oral Reasons (University of Kentucky), Notesheet for Poultry Reasons (University of Kentucky), Criteria for Evaluating Oral Reasons (University of Kentucky), Kentucky 4-H Poultry: Grading RTC Poultry (University of Kentucky), Kentucky 4-H Poultry: Grading Eggs (University of Kentucky), Examples of Different Grades of Broken Out Eggs (University of Kentucky), The Egg and I, Chick Incubation  Rabbit: Ohio State University (OSU) Rabbit Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Rabbit Project Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Rabbit Learning Lab Kit, National 4-H Rabbit Curriculum Levels 1-3 and Helper’s Guide, American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA) Standard of Perfection, Kentucky 4-H Rabbit Program Guide and Rule Book, 4-H Rabbit Program Overview
Inputs	4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.  Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).  Accredited volunteers in agriculture. Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.  Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.  Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants. Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.  Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.  External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.
Date(s)	4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31)

Audience	Youth
Project or Activity	Kentucky 4-H Country Ham Program
Content or Curriculum	Kentucky Animal Science Livestock Discovery Website, Kentucky Livestock Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Project and Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Learning Lab Kits, National 4-H Project Books and Helper’s Guide, Country Ham Meat Lesson Kit (University of Kentucky)
Inputs	4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.  Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).  Accredited volunteers in agriculture.  Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.  Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.  Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.  Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.  Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.  External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.
Date(s)	4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31)  Kentucky 4-H Country Ham Contest (offered Kentucky State Fair - August each year)
Audience	Youth
Project or Activity	General Agricultural Short Term Programs (School Enrichment, 4-H Camp, etc.)
Content or Curriculum	Any 4-H Curriculum  Kentucky Ag and Environment in the Classroom, Inc. (KyAEC) https://www.teachkyag.org/  Kentucky Food and Farm Facts https://www.kyfoodandfarm.info/   Kids Sonder: Agriculture Unboxed https://www.mommassonder.com/   National Ag Day https://www.agday.org/   National Ag and Environment in the Classroom https://agclassroom.org/
Inputs	4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.  Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).  Accredited volunteers in agriculture.  Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.  Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.  Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.  Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.  Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.  External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.
Date(s)	4-H Program Year (September 1- August 31)

Audience	Youth
Project or Activity	Skill-a-thon and Livestock Judging
Content or Curriculum	4-H Livestock Kits State Contest Guidelines
Inputs	4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.  Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, poultry, rabbit).  Accredited volunteers in agriculture.  Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.  Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.  Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.  Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs. Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.  External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.
Date(s)	Spring and Fall

Audience	Youth
Project or Activity	Livestock Show and Sell
Content or Curriculum	4-H Livestock Curriculum State Guidelines
Inputs	4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.  Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, poultry, rabbit).  Accredited volunteers in agriculture.  Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.  Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.  Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.  Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.  Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs. External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.
Date(s)	August

Audience	Community Members
Project or Activity	Greenup County Farm to Table Event
Content or Curriculum	Committee led event (volunteers)
Inputs	4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.  Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock).  Accredited volunteers in agriculture.  Extension Agents  Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.  Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.  External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.
Date(s)	Summer

Evaluation:

Initial Outcome: Identify where to access resources 

Indicator: survey

Method: pre and post survey 

Timeline: ongoing 

Youth Initial Outcome- 

Outcome	Short-term
Indicator	Number of youth who reported that they have realized the impact animal production has in daily life.  Number of youth who reported that they have an interest in animal production.  Number of youth who reported that they have identified at least one job/career in animal production and management that fits their interest.    Number of youth who reported that they understand animal production concepts and ideas.
Method	Survey
Timeline	Immediate Post Program

Intermediate Outcome:

Indicator:  Increased sound financial decision making & increased access to community financial resources 

Method: Surveys & personal visits

Timeline: ongoing 

Youth Intermediate Outcome:

Outcome	Medium-term
Indicator	Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and/or skills gained in agriculture to make informed decisions.  Number of youth who reported that they have taken steps to pursue gaining more knowledge for a job in animal production based on their interests.   Number of youth who reported that they used knowledge and/or skills gained in animal production to complete a project.  Number of youth who reported that they adopted/applied one or more animal production practices.
Method	Survey
Timeline	6+ months

Long-term Outcome:

Indicator: Improved financial and resource management skills & increase in income or developed an estate plan 

Method: Number of individuals who reported developing skills related to family finance and resource management

Timeline: Post- program survey results and follow- up evaluation 

Youth Long-term outcome

Outcome	Long-term
Indicator	Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study.
Method	Survey
Timeline	1+ years