Knott County CES

County Emphasis:

Healthy Roots Grow Healthy Communities

Concentration 1:

Food Safety, Quality, and Access

Concentration 2:

Work and Life Skill Development

Concentration 3:

Animal Production and Management

Concentration 4:

Health and Wellbeing

Situation:

    With the goal of increasing the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, the Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service (CES) aims to increase access to fresh food, as well as increase knowledge and awareness of how to select, store, safely prepare, process, and preserve these foods. CES prioritizes statewide partnership development that helps us meet our goals and objectives. 

    Kentucky faces significant health and economic challenges, with five of the top ten causes of death being nutrition related. According to the Obesity Action Coalition the cost of obesity reached $36.31 billion. The rapidly changing social and economic landscape underscores the need for a healthy, productive, and engaged young people to contribute to a prepared workforce and engaged community to tackle these challenges. The University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension System's 2023 Community Needs Assessment identifies critical priorities, including access to affordable nutritious food, reducing youth obesity through improved nutrition and exercise, and enhancing youth wellbeing through effective coping strategies. Kentucky 4-H plays a crucial role in addressing these needs by equipping young people with essential skills in nutrition, culinary arts, financial education, and entrepreneurship. 69% of youth reported that they learned about healthy food choices in 4-H.  These programs not only foster healthier, more resilient individuals, but also contribute to the development of engaged citizens prepared to navigate and thrive in a rapidly evolving world.

     America’s future hinges on a prepared workforce and engaged communities collaborating to tackle society’s most pressing challenges. As of 2024, there are 2,465,949 job openings in Kentucky and nationwide there are 10 million unfilled jobs. Fasted growing jobs are in the fields of vocational education and higher education teachers, agriculture professionals, and digitally enabled roles: ecommerce specialists, digital transformation specialists, and digital marketing professionals (World Economic Forum, 2023). 85% of the jobs that will exist in 2030 haven’t been invented yet (Dell Technologies, 2019). 77% of employers say focus less on traditional school subjects, more on real-world skills (Kauffman Foundation, 2021). Skills like analytical thinking, creative thinking, resilience, flexibility, adaptability are key (World Economic Forum, 2023). According to the National 4-H Index Study 2024, 80% explored career options, 50% received guidance for college decisions, and 95% reported 4-H helped them identify things they were good at. To ensure a sustainable society, it is crucial that our youth are equipped to fill these positions. The University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension System Community Needs Assessment (2023) has identified key priority issues related to life skill development for young people. These priorities include youth life skill training opportunities, youth workforce readiness, and maximizing youth voice in matters that directly impact them. Empowering our youth to actively participate in addressing societal issues is essential for a thriving future.

     Kentucky’s animal production and management strategies encompass sustainable practices, health-focused care, and economic viability across all species thus contributing significantly to the state’s agricultural landscape. Beef cattle play a crucial role in converting Kentucky’s vast 7 million acres of pasture and forage into valuable products. CES focuses on sustainable grazing practices and ensuring optimal use of natural resources like land and water. Kentucky’s small ruminant producers raise various sheep and goat breeds for meat, fiber, and dairy purposes. Small ruminants thrive on pasture-based systems, utilizing natural forage with a priority on health management, including vaccinations, parasite control, and nutrition. Poultry is the number one agricultural industry in the state, contributing significantly to the economy.  Implementing conservation practices that protect soil and water resources will ensure the long-term sustainability of Kentucky farmland and improve resilience to climate variability. To meet the needs of Kentucky animal producers CES Extension will create or expand its efforts to offer need-based education and producer-focused programming for all species. Current/future activities include introducing programs to address and improve specific management systems and introduce new and emerging techniques, technology, and production systems for increased efficiency and profitability. 

    The opportunities and resources available to support the health and well-being of adults and families in Kentucky vary widely. Disparities in health-promoting knowledge, resources, and infrastructure contribute to higher rates of chronic health conditions and lower quality of life. Prevention, early detection, and care are essential to maintain and/or improve quality of life. Yet, this burden is often placed on individuals to navigate the healthcare system and traditional public health entities.

   

County Situation:

    The Knott County Extension Council, along with Knott County extension agents, community partners, schools, and other members of the community worked to reach all geographical areas and populations to gather feedback for the UK 2023 needs assessment data, as well as additional county programmatic feedback and community responses for 2024.

     Ensuring individuals and families have access to affordable nutritious food, Food as health: addressing food insecurity and diet related chronic diseases, reducing youth obesity through nutrition education and/or exercise; were 4 out of the Top 15 priorities for Knott Countians according to the 2023 needs assessment.  These opinions are supported by data that consistently shows counties within the Appalachian region have 25% higher premature death rates compared to the nation as a whole and rural counties have a 40% higher rate than that of the metro counties within Appalachia. Across the Appalachian region data shows 14% fewer grocery stores per 1,000 persons compared to the nation.  

    An additional 3 priority issues of; building financial literacy and resource management skills, youth life skill training opportunities, and strengthening youth workforce readiness were identified for Knott County’s by the 2023 UK Community Needs assessment.  These issues were repetitively requested from multiple community partners, members and backed by research. Such as Median household income in the Appalachian Region is 19 percent lower than the national median, and adults ages 25 to 44 are less likely to have some type of post-secondary education in the Region (57.1percent) than in the United States overall (63.3 percent)

     Considering the needs assessment, community feedback and statistics that highlight the necessity of addressing these issues, the Knott County Extension Council, in collaboration with the extension agents, has decided to concentrate additional efforts on these areas in the upcoming years. Agents collaborated with program councils and community partners to identify the programs that would most effectively support these initiatives and yield a significant positive impact on our community.

Long-Term Outcomes:

Food Safety, Quality and Access

• Individuals and families of all income levels have access to affordable and nutritious foods
• Family farms become economically viable.
• Kentucky’s local food and agriculture industry are thriving.
• Decrease in the number of Kentuckians with chronic health conditions such as diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease.
• More Kentuckians routinely met the guidelines for the consumption of (locally grown) fresh fruits and vegetables.

Youth

• Youth increase educational outcomes.  
• Youth decrease poor overall health. 

Work and Life Skill Development 

• Increased human capital among Kentuckians
• Decrease in state unemployment rates
• Improved quality of workforce

Youth

• Youth will serve in leadership roles in their community.
• Youth will more effectively communicate, work with others, and contribute to driving change and shaping the future. 

Adult Animal Production 

• Increase the quality and number of animals or pounds of milk produced annually contributing to the increased and more stable financial position for producers.? 
• Increase the use of sustainable management practices across all production methods and species.? 
• Increase the quality of beef cattle produced annually contributing to increased and more stable financial position of cattle operations. 
• Continually adoption of new technology and production practices.

Health and Wellbeing 

• Routinely meeting guidelines and recommendations for health behaviors that promote wellness and quality of life
• Community environments that equitably support health-promoting behaviors where people live, learn, work, and play
• Improved quality of life

Intermediate Outcomes:

Food Safety, Quality and Access

• Increase and/or strengthen statewide and regional partnership to address community food system issues.
• Increased production of Kentucky-grown food and increased market opportunities for those products.
• Increase in the number of farmers’ markets and local food retailers that accept one or more food benefits as payment.
• Improved dietary habits through consumption of more fruits and vegetables, a variety of proteins and the number of meals prepared at home.
• Increased number of entrepreneurial food businesses.

Youth

• Youth will practice making wise nutrition choices.  
• Youth will prepare nutritious foods.  
• Youth will aspire to eat a variety of healthy foods daily. 

 

Work and Life Skill Development

• Increased implementation of employability strategies/skills
• Increased salary/income
• Increased employment

Youth 

• Youth will practice teamwork, responsibility, communication, conflict resolution techniques, and problem-solving skills.
• Youth will plan and implement a service project.
• Youth will choose to take on leadership roles in their community

Animal Production

• Annually implement strategies and production methods that result in increased efficiency, and number of animals produced /maintained, and animals harvested or pounds of milk produced.? 
• Consider how they can use good biosecurity practices to ensure the health of their horses. 
• Increased health-promoting behaviors that support family, community, and occupational health and safety
• Increased and/or strengthened partnerships to address community health or safety issues

Health and Wellbeing

• Increased health-promoting behaviors that support family, community, and occupational health and safety
• Increased and/or strengthened partnerships to address community health or safety issues
• Increased organizational/site/community support for health-promoting behaviors that equitably address community health or safety issues

Initial Outcomes:

Food Safety, Quality and Access

• Increased awareness of Extension resources and programs supporting food access.
• Increased awareness and accessibility of community resources available to access fresh foods.
• Increase the number of partnerships and/or coalitions involved in promoting awareness of local food systems, healthy eating, and active living (e.g. Program councils, Health Advisory Boards, etc.). 

Youth

• Youth will learn how to make wise nutrition choices.  
• Youth learn how to access nutritious foods.  
• Youth will learn how to prepare nutritious foods.  
• Youth will aspire to eat a variety of healthy foods daily.

 

Work and Life Skill Development

• Strengthening work and life skills, including but not limited to, developing workforce development skills, employability and interpersonal skills, and work-life management strategies. 
• Increased confidence to implement employability strategies
• Developed strategies for maintaining a health work-life balance

Youth

• Youth identify personal strengths that contribute to life and work skill development.
• Increased knowledge of career pathways.
• Increased knowledge of educational, training, and certification opportunities.
• Youth will practice civic engagement, leadership and communication skills.

Animal Production

Animal production and management strategies encompass but are not limited to sustainable practices, health-focused care, and economic viability across all species. Activities will include programs to address and improve specific management systems and introduce new and emerging techniques, technology, and production systems for increased efficiency and profitability.? 

• Increase knowledge about sustainable and economically viable management practices.? 
• Increase skills related to efficient production methods across all species.? 
• Increase confidence in implementing new and emerging techniques, technology, and production systems.? 
• Increase confidence in making decisions related to promoting animal health-related behavior.? 

 Health and Wellbeing 

Health promoting behaviors include but are limited, regular physical activity, safe preparation and consumption of nutritious foods, vaccinations, moderate or no consumption of alcohol, avoiding/reducing/eliminating tobacco use, health screenings, sleep, stress management, health literacy, pest prevention/reduction/management, and occupational safety.

• Increased knowledge about health-promoting behaviors.
• Increased awareness of community resources to support health-promoting behaviors.
• Increased awareness of community resources to support health promoting behaviors
• Increased confidence in making decisions related to health-promoting behaviors.
• Improved skills related to health-promoting behaviors

Evaluation:

Food Safety, Quality and Access

Outcome: Improved skills related to safe food preparation and food preservation. (initial)

Indicator: 

• Number of individuals who reported supplementing their diets with healthy foods that they grew, harvested, or purchased locally (e.g. community or backyard gardens, fishing, hunting). 

Method: Pre/post participant evaluations 

Timeline: Post-program/curricula survey administration

Outcome: Increased awareness and accessibility of Extension resources and programs supporting food access. (initial)

Indicator: 

• Number of individuals who reported increasing their knowledge, skills, or intentions regarding nutrition and accessing healthy foods through Extension programs and resources. 
• Number of individuals who were introduced to healthy food access points (e.g. farmers’ markets, CSAs, WIC, food pantries) through Extension programs or resources.  

Method: Pre/post participant evaluations

Timeline: Post-program/curricula survey administration

 

Youth

Outcome: Short Term  

Indicator: 

• Number of youth who reported that they learned the difference between healthy and unhealthy snacks. 
• Number of youth who reported an increased knowledge of egg and/or poultry food safety practices.
• Number of youth who demonstrated/reported improved egg and/or poultry cooking skills.

Method: Evaluation Provided by Animal Food Sciences Department

Timeline: Immediate Post Program

Outcome: Medium Term  

Indicator: 

• Number of youth who reported that they applied skills and/or knowledge to prepare healthy snacks for self or family.  

Method: Standard Evaluation Tool for Family Consumer Sciences: Survey

Timeline: End of the program year

Outcome: Long Term

Indicator: Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study. 

Method: Standard Evaluation Tool for Family Consumer Sciences: Survey 

Timeline: 1 or more years  

 

Work and Life Skill Development

Outcome: Developed strategies for work-life management (initial) 

Indicator: Number of participants who reported that they learned strategies for managing their work-life responsibilities because of participating in an Extension workforce development program/outreach 

Method: Self-reported surveys

Timeline: Post-program/curricula survey administration

Outcome: Increased practical skills in trades and craft-based industries (initial)

Indicator: Number of participants reporting gaining a new skill through hands-on instruction or workshops in trades or craft-based skills (e.g. woodworking, painting, metalworking, hand-building).

Method: Self-reported surveys collected immediately after workshop participation.

Timeline: Post-program survey administration with optional 6 months follow up to assess skill application

Youth

Outcome: Short term 

Indicator: 

• Number of youth who reported learning new skills to prepare or improve themselves for the workforce as a result of participating in an Extension workforce development program/outreach.
• Number of youth who reported improvement in their confidence to implement employment strategies as a result of participating in an Extension workforce development program/outreach.
• Number of youth who reported using information to communicate with others. 
• Number of youth who reported demonstrating a skill they have learned. 

Method: Standard Evaluation 

Timeline: Immediately post program (6+ hours)  

Outcome: Medium Term

Indicator: 

• Number of youth who developed a resume as a result of participating in an Extension workforce development program/outreach.  

Method: Survey

Timeline: End of program year

Outcome: Long Term

Indicator: Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study.

Method: Survey or Interview

Timeline: 1+ years

 

Animal Production 

Outcome: Increased livestock management knowledge 

Indicator: Number of livestock producers indicating increased understanding of farm management. 

Method: Program evaluation tools / surveys 

Timeline: Ongoing 

Outcome: Increased knowledge and/or awareness of management practices to improve cattle production efficiency 

Indicator: Number of participants who reported an increase in their knowledge and/or awareness of management practices for improving cattle production efficiency. 

Method: Survey  

Timeline: At the program 

Outcome: Implementation or utilization of knowledge gained to make changes in management of small ruminant operation. 

Indicator: Number of participants that have made changes to improve management of their small ruminant operation. 

Method: Survey (post program) 

Timeline: Follow-up survey or records from individual consultations 

Health and Wellbeing

Outcome: Increased and/or strengthened partnerships to address community health issues (intermediate)

Indicator: Number of community partners (community organizations, institutions, agencies, or individuals) worked with to offer health and well-being programming in the community

Method: Agent record of community partnerships utilized in programming

Timeline: Ongoing; Each partnership should be reported once per reporting period

Outcome: Increased health-promoting behaviors that support family and community health (e.g., physical activity, consuming nutritious foods, routine vaccinations and screenings) (intermediate)

Indicator: 

Number of physical activity minutes recorded by a participant

Number of participants who reported consuming more nutritious foods and/or beverages

Number of participants who reported a change in a health-promoting behavior as a result of participating in a health and well-being program

Method: Self-reported surveys

Timeline: Repeated self-reported surveys and/or follow-up evaluations to capture change over time

Outcome: Increased knowledge about health-promoting behaviors (e.g., how to prepare nutritious foods, benefits of routine vaccinations/screenings) (initial)

Indicator: Number of participants who reported/demonstrates improved knowledge, skills, opinions, or confidence regarding a health-promoting behavior as a result of a participating in a health and well-being program

Method: Observation by Agent or self-reported surveys

Timeline: Post-program/curricula survey administration 

Learning Opportunities:

Food Safety, Quality and Access

Audience:  Individuals & Farmers

Project or Activity: Nutrition Education

Content or Curriculum: Produce Best Management Practices Certification, Nutrition Education Program, SNAP-Ed toolkit, Cook Together Eat Together, Food as Health Toolkit, Super Star Chef

Inputs: Programmatic materials, paid staff, community partners, volunteers, faith-based organizations, health coalitions, healthcare Providers and local clinics, health department, non-profits, schools, company health & wellness, 4-H, Homemakers, farmers’ markets, local farmers/growers/producers, commodity/livestock groups, Grow Appalachia Program, community centers, etc. 

Audience: Horticulture Producers:

Project or Activity:  Horticultural Educational Classes

Content: Classes taught by agent and specialist on gardening, including fruit production, raised bed gardening, high tunnel production, and cover crops, Extension Publications and on farm education

Inputs: Agents and Specialist, and publications

Dates: Spring and Fall

 

Audience: Communities

Project or Activity: Community Gardens

Content or Curriculum:   Hort. Dept. publications, 

Inputs:  Gardening materials, community partners, grant funds, local organizations and community partners, recovery centers, Nutrition Education Program

Date: Ongoing

 

Audience: Youth  

Project or Activity: Nutrition and Food Preparation 

Content or Curriculum: 4-H Cooking: 101, 201, 301, 401 

Inputs: 

•           4-H Family and Consumer Sciences programs in which youth experience a sense of belonging, and developmental relationships, explore their spark, and actively engage in meaningful opportunities.  

•           Cooperative Extension Educational facilities.  

•           Utilization of approved research-based curriculum. 

•           Engaging communities in identifying and implementing programming based on local needs 

Date: September 1 – August 30

Audience: Youth  

Project or Activity: Nutrition and Food Preparation 

Content or Curriculum: Poultry Barbecue Camps, Chicken and Turkey Barbecue Contests

Inputs: 

•           4-H Poultry programs in which youth experience a sense of belonging, and developmental relationships, explore their spark, and actively engage in meaningful opportunities.  

•           Utilization of approved research-based curriculum. 

•           Funding from local, state, and federal sources.  

•           Engagement of youth and volunteers in program delivery.  

•           Engaging communities in identifying and implementing programming based on local needs 

Date: September 1- August 30

 

Work and Life Skill Development

Adult 

Audience: Individuals, Families, Employees 

Project or Activity: Development of Time Management Skills

Content or Curriculum: Time Well Spent: Productivity Skills for Success curriculum; publications, newsletters; Leader Lessons; podcasts; etc.

Inputs: Programmatic materials, paid staff, volunteers, community partners, non-profit organizations, schools, businesses, etc. 

Date: Ongoing

Audience: Individuals, Families, Employees 

Project or Activity: Development of Employability Skills

Content or Curriculum: PROFIT; Recovering Your Finances curriculum; publications

 Inputs: Programmatic materials, paid staff, community partners, non-profit organizations

Youth

Audience: 4-Hers, Extension Professionals, Clientele 

Project or Activity: 4-H Core Program Areas (Leadership, Agriculture, Natural Resources, Communication and Expressive Arts, Science, Engineering and Technology, Health and Wellbeing, and Family Consumer Sciences), 4-H Camp, Cloverbud, Volunteerism

Content or Curriculum: Approved Kentucky 4-H Curriculum by Core Program Area or Area of Interest

Inputs: These programs are supported by the research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system, funding from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc., local, state, and federal sources, grants, and the engagement of volunteers, youth, communities, and external stakeholders.

 Dates: Program Year 

 

Audience: 4-Hers, Extension Professionals, Clientele

 Project or Activity: 4-H Resume, Cover Letter, and Interview Skills Program (Club/Group/Individual)

Content or Curriculum: Kentucky 4-H Work & Life Readiness Lessons, 4-H Build Your Future

Inputs: These programs are supported by the research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system, funding from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc., local, state, and federal sources, grants, and the engagement of volunteers, youth, communities, and external stakeholders such as civic groups. Focus is on Grades 8-12.

Dates: Program year

Animal Production

Audience: Livestock Producers:

Project or Activity: Livestock Educational Classes: 

Content: Beef Quality Assurance Certification, Livestock Classes taught by specialist (beef, Small Ruminant, And Poultry)

Inputs: Specialist, Agents, Livestock Association meetings, ie (Mountain Cattleman's, Southeast KY Sheep and Goat Producers)

Date: MCA Meetings Quarterly, and Small Ruminant meetings Quarterly

 

Health and Wellbeing

Audience: Families and Individuals

Project or Activity: Family & Community Health

Content or Curriculum: Publications, demonstrations, Health Bulletins, health fairs

Inputs: Programmatic materials, paid staff, volunteers, community partners, health coalitions, healthcare providers, health departments, non-profits, faith-based organizations, schools, company health & wellness, community centers, etc. 

Date: Ongoing

 Audience: Families & Individuals

Project or Activity: Nutrition Education

Content or Curriculum: Nutrition Education Program, SNAP-Ed toolkit, Publications, Cook Together Eat Together, Food as Health Toolkit, Recovery Garden Toolkit, Cooking through the Calendar

Inputs: Programmatic materials, paid staff, community partners, volunteers, faith-based organization, health coalitions, healthcare Providers and local clinics, health department, non-profits, schools, company health and wellness, Homemakers, farmers’ markets, local farms/growers/producers, commodity groups, community centers, etc. 

Date: Ongoing

 

Audience: Communities

Project or Activity: food system work (e.g. farmers’ markets, backpack programs, community gardens), SNAP-Ed toolkit, creating and Maintaining Health Coalitions, 

Inputs: Programmatic materials, paid staff, community partners, volunteers, grant funds, local organizations and community partners, health coalitions, Nutrition Education program, local farms/growers/producers, key stakeholders, elected officials, Department of Transportation, employee health and wellness, schools, etc. 

Date: Ongoing

 

 

Evaluation:

Food Safety, Quality and Access

Outcome: Improved skills related to safe food preparation and food preservation. (initial)

Indicator: 

• Number of individuals who reported supplementing their diets with healthy foods that they grew, harvested, or purchased locally (e.g. community or backyard gardens, fishing, hunting). 

Method: Pre/post participant evaluations 

Timeline: Post-program/curricula survey administration

Outcome: Increased awareness and accessibility of Extension resources and programs supporting food access. (initial)

Indicator: 

• Number of individuals who reported increasing their knowledge, skills, or intentions regarding nutrition and accessing healthy foods through Extension programs and resources. 
• Number of individuals who were introduced to healthy food access points (e.g. farmers’ markets, CSAs, WIC, food pantries) through Extension programs or resources.  

Method: Pre/post participant evaluations

Timeline: Post-program/curricula survey administration

 

Youth

Outcome: Short Term  

Indicator: 

• Number of youth who reported that they learned the difference between healthy and unhealthy snacks. 
• Number of youth who reported an increased knowledge of egg and/or poultry food safety practices.
• Number of youth who demonstrated/reported improved egg and/or poultry cooking skills.

Method: Evaluation Provided by Animal Food Sciences Department

Timeline: Immediate Post Program

Outcome: Medium Term  

Indicator: 

• Number of youth who reported that they applied skills and/or knowledge to prepare healthy snacks for self or family.  

Method: Standard Evaluation Tool for Family Consumer Sciences: Survey

Timeline: End of the program year

Outcome: Long Term

Indicator: Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study. 

Method: Standard Evaluation Tool for Family Consumer Sciences: Survey 

Timeline: 1 or more years  

 

Work and Life Skill Development

Outcome: Developed strategies for work-life management (initial) 

Indicator: Number of participants who reported that they learned strategies for managing their work-life responsibilities because of participating in an Extension workforce development program/outreach 

Method: Self-reported surveys

Timeline: Post-program/curricula survey administration

Outcome: Increased practical skills in trades and craft-based industries (initial)

Indicator: Number of participants reporting gaining a new skill through hands-on instruction or workshops in trades or craft-based skills (e.g. woodworking, painting, metalworking, hand-building).

Method: Self-reported surveys collected immediately after workshop participation.

Timeline: Post-program survey administration with optional 6 months follow up to assess skill application

Youth

Outcome: Short term 

Indicator: 

• Number of youth who reported learning new skills to prepare or improve themselves for the workforce as a result of participating in an Extension workforce development program/outreach.
• Number of youth who reported improvement in their confidence to implement employment strategies as a result of participating in an Extension workforce development program/outreach.
• Number of youth who reported using information to communicate with others. 
• Number of youth who reported demonstrating a skill they have learned. 

Method: Standard Evaluation 

Timeline: Immediately post program (6+ hours)  

Outcome: Medium Term

Indicator: 

• Number of youth who developed a resume as a result of participating in an Extension workforce development program/outreach.  

Method: Survey

Timeline: End of program year

Outcome: Long Term

Indicator: Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study.

Method: Survey or Interview

Timeline: 1+ years

 

Animal Production 

Outcome: Increased livestock management knowledge 

Indicator: Number of livestock producers indicating increased understanding of farm management. 

Method: Program evaluation tools / surveys 

Timeline: Ongoing 

Outcome: Increased knowledge and/or awareness of management practices to improve cattle production efficiency 

Indicator: Number of participants who reported an increase in their knowledge and/or awareness of management practices for improving cattle production efficiency. 

Method: Survey  

Timeline: At the program 

Outcome: Implementation or utilization of knowledge gained to make changes in management of small ruminant operation. 

Indicator: Number of participants that have made changes to improve management of their small ruminant operation. 

Method: Survey (post program) 

Timeline: Follow-up survey or records from individual consultations 

Health and Wellbeing

Outcome: Increased and/or strengthened partnerships to address community health issues (intermediate)

Indicator: Number of community partners (community organizations, institutions, agencies, or individuals) worked with to offer health and well-being programming in the community

Method: Agent record of community partnerships utilized in programming

Timeline: Ongoing; Each partnership should be reported once per reporting period

Outcome: Increased health-promoting behaviors that support family and community health (e.g., physical activity, consuming nutritious foods, routine vaccinations and screenings) (intermediate)

Indicator: 

Number of physical activity minutes recorded by a participant

Number of participants who reported consuming more nutritious foods and/or beverages

Number of participants who reported a change in a health-promoting behavior as a result of participating in a health and well-being program

Method: Self-reported surveys

Timeline: Repeated self-reported surveys and/or follow-up evaluations to capture change over time

Outcome: Increased knowledge about health-promoting behaviors (e.g., how to prepare nutritious foods, benefits of routine vaccinations/screenings) (initial)

Indicator: Number of participants who reported/demonstrates improved knowledge, skills, opinions, or confidence regarding a health-promoting behavior as a result of a participating in a health and well-being program

Method: Observation by Agent or self-reported surveys

Timeline: Post-program/curricula survey administration