Crittenden County CES

County Emphasis:

Building Strong Communities- Agriculture & Natural Resources

Concentration 1:

Small Farm Development

Concentration 2:

Animal Production and Management

Situation:

Small farm development is a crucial aspect of the Kentucky agricultural sector, especially in the context of supporting rural economies and ensuring food security. The National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) defines a small farm as an operation with a gross cash farm income of $250,000 or less. These farms are typically family-owned and operated, and they represent more than 90 percent of farms in the U.S. These farms face challenges such as urbanization, an aging farmer population, farm consolidation, new and beginning farmers, and changing climate patterns.

Small farms play a vital role in the competitiveness and sustainability of rural and farm economies, protecting and enhancing natural resources and the environment, and maintaining rural populations. Urban small scale farm production is an emerging and fast grow segment of farm economies. The development and sustainability of small farms is important in providing a nursery for new enterprises and marketing systems, which is crucial for innovation and diversification in agriculture. Small farm development can be hindered by access to capital, markets, and technology. Additionally, owners of small farms may lack the knowledge or resources to implement sustainable practices that could improve their economic viability and environmental stewardship.

Kentucky Cooperative Extension will continue to aid small farm owners by providing educational opportunities and increasing awareness of resources offered through various programs and online platforms. This includes developing new and improved practices to reduce production costs, protect and improve soil and water resources, and offer options for specialty crop production. Extension personnel will also promote whole farm plans, estate planning, farm transitions, risk management, and market opportunities.

The development of small farms is imperative for the health of Kentucky’s agricultural sector, rural communities and emerge urban agriculture.

Kentucky’s animal production and management strategies encompass sustainable practices, health-focused care, and economic viability across all species thus contributing significantly to the state’s agricultural landscape. Beef cattle play a crucial role in converting Kentucky’s vast 7 million acres of pasture and forage into valuable products. CES focuses on sustainable grazing practices and ensuring optimal use of natural resources like land and water.

Kentucky is renowned as the Horse Capital of the World and is home to a diverse equine population, including thoroughbreds, stock horses, standardbreds, and other breeds. Kentucky’s horse industry focuses on breeding excellence. Many commercial swine farms operate in the state, focusing on efficient growth and high-quality pork. Swine farmers implement strict biosecurity protocols to prevent disease transmission and minimize stress. Kentucky’s small ruminant producers raise various sheep and goat breeds for meat, fiber, and dairy purposes. Small ruminants thrive on pasture-based systems, utilizing natural forage with a priority on health management, including vaccinations, parasite control, and nutrition.

Poultry is the number one agricultural industry in the state, contributing significantly to the economy. The poultry sector contains thriving broiler industry for meat production and laying hens for egg production. Many small flock owners raise chickens for personal consumption or local markets. Implementing conservation practices that protect soil and water resources will ensure the long-term sustainability of Kentucky farmland and improve resilience to climate variability.

To meet the needs of Kentucky animal producers CES Extension will create or expand its efforts to offer need-based education and producer-focused programming for all species. Current/future activities include introducing programs to address and improve specific management systems and introduce new and emerging techniques, technology, and production systems for increased efficiency and profitability.

Youth Focus

Kentucky’s youth should have access to education and life-skills in animal production and management. According to the 2022 U.S. Census of Agriculture, Kentucky has seen a decline in the number of farms and agricultural land, alongside a slight increase in the average age of producers and farm size. Successful operation of farms and ranches requires business skills, ongoing training and education, and safety awareness (USDA, 2024). The University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service Community Needs Assessment (2023) highlights key agricultural priorities, including youth life skill training, workforce readiness, access to affordable and nutritious food, support for the local agriculture industry, and promoting agricultural literacy among youth. 4-H projects in animal production and management can help young people develop life skills, learn about responsibility, and gain content knowledge about animals through breeding or market projects.

County Situation:

Crittenden County has a proud and deeply rooted agricultural heritage, with many local farms operating for multiple generations. Agriculture remains a cornerstone of the county’s identity, economy, and land use. According to the 2022 U.S. Census of Agriculture, over 58% of the county’s land is devoted to farming. Of the 512 farms in the county, the vast majority—361—are under 179 acres, reflecting the predominance of small, family-owned operations.

The total market value of agricultural products sold in Crittenden County is over $64.5 million, highlighting the substantial impact of the industry despite the small-scale nature of most operations. However, like many rural communities across Kentucky, local producers face growing challenges such as market volatility, increasing input costs, labor shortages, aging farm populations, and difficulties in accessing capital and modern technologies. Beginning farmers, in particular, need support in navigating business planning, production systems, and market development.

Small farms are essential to rural sustainability, not only for the economic benefits they provide but also for their role in land stewardship, food security, and community resilience. Crittenden County Cooperative Extension will continue to provide strong support for these producers through hands-on education, one-on-one consultations, seminars with subject-matter specialists, and collaboration with local agricultural organizations. Targeted programming will address key areas including business development, whole farm planning, production efficiency, diversification, and sustainable land use practices.

Animal agriculture also plays a vital role in Crittenden County’s farm economy. Beef cattle production, in particular, is a dominant sector, benefiting from the region’s extensive pasture and forage resources. Local producers are increasingly interested in adopting sustainable grazing practices and improving herd health and genetic quality. In addition to beef, the county includes producers involved in small ruminants (goats and sheep), poultry, swine, and equine—many of whom operate on a small or part-time basis. These enterprises require up-to-date knowledge of animal health, nutrition, marketing, and biosecurity.

To meet the needs of local livestock producers, Crittenden County Extension will expand its focus on sustainable animal management practices, profitability strategies, and emerging technologies. Educational offerings will include pasture walks, field days, workshops, and resources on issues such as parasite control, vaccination protocols, recordkeeping, and breeding management.

Youth engagement is a critical part of sustaining the county’s agricultural future. The average age of producers in Kentucky continues to rise, underscoring the need to cultivate interest and leadership in agriculture among the next generation. Through 4-H livestock projects, youth in Crittenden County gain hands-on experience in animal husbandry, responsibility, and recordkeeping. These programs not only teach practical skills but also build confidence, public speaking ability, and critical thinking.

According to the 2023 University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Community Needs Assessment, top agricultural priorities for youth include life skill training, workforce readiness, agricultural literacy, and support for local food systems. Crittenden County Extension is committed to helping young people explore agriculture as a potential career path and to understand the importance of food production to their community and beyond.

By supporting small farms, enhancing animal production practices, and preparing youth for future agricultural involvement, the Crittenden County Extension Service is actively investing in a strong, adaptive, and sustainable rural economy.

County Extension Council and program area councils have been involved in the development of program of works by completing needs assessments and communicating directly with agents verbally and in written surveys about the needs and issues facing the county. 

Long-Term Outcomes:

Adult

• Achieve a stable economic environment where small farms are consistently profitable and competitive within both local and broader markets. 
• Establish networks of urban farms that are integral to their local food systems, providing fresh produce and fostering urban-rural agricultural links. 
• Strive to have all participating small farms fully implement sustainable practices that protect and enhance natural resources. 
• Equip small farms to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of changing climate patterns, ensuring their sustainability and resilience. 
• Enhance the role of small farms in maintaining rural populations and contributing to cultural heritage, ensuring that these communities remain vibrant and connected.
•  Increase the quality and number of animals or pounds of milk produced annually contributing to the increased and more stable financial position for producers.
• Increase the use of sustainable management practices across all production methods and species.
• Producers are routinely implementing guidelines and recommendations for efficient and financially sound production demonstrating sustainable behavior change.
• Continually implementing new technology and production practices.
• Improve the quality of life of animals and humans.
• Increase the quality of beef cattle produced annually contributing to increased and more stable financial position of cattle operations. 
• Increase the use of sustainable management practices across all production methods leading to enhanced production efficiency and reductions in the carbon footprint. 
• Producers are routinely following Beef Quality Care & Assurance standards to produce healthy and high-quality beef. 
• Continually adoption of new technology and production practices.
• Increase the use of sustainable management practices by horse owners. 
• Horse owners will be encouraged to apply best management practices for the care and management of their horses to help control cost of ownership.  
• Increase the quality of small ruminants annually contributing to increased and more stable financial position of small ruminant operations. 
• Youth will make informed decisions regarding agricultural products and services.
• Youth will advocate for agriculture and sustainable fiber and food production in their communities.
• Youth will be life and work ready, contributing to the agricultural community as consumers, leaders, and innovators.
  
  
  
  

Intermediate Outcomes:

• Assist small farm owners in developing and implementing comprehensive whole farm plans that address financial, production, and environmental aspects. 
• Support the establishment of new farm enterprises that can offer innovative products and practices, enhancing the economic resilience of the small farm sector. 
• Provide robust support for estate planning and farm transitions to ensure the longevity of small farms across generations. 
• Develop and disseminate advanced risk management tools and insurance products tailored for the unique needs of small farms. 
• Increase the accessibility of modern agricultural technologies to small farms, coupled with training programs that enable owners to effectively use these technologies. 
• Annually implement strategies and production methods that result in increased efficiency, and number of animals produced /maintained, and animals harvested or pounds of milk produced.
• Increased biosecurity strategies that promote both animal and human health related behaviors for a safe food system. 
• Increase or strengthen partnerships or relationships with commodity groups to address sustainable management strategies, health-focused care, and economic viability for all livestock.
• Annually evaluate how they care for and manage their horses using cost effective strategies. 
• Consider how they can use good biosecurity practices to ensure the health of their horses.
• Youth will practice skills gained from 4-H agricultural projects and clubs.
• Youth will communicate agricultural ideas and concepts more effectively.
• Youth actively adopt and apply advanced agricultural practices, demonstrating a growing commitment to the agricultural community.

Initial Outcomes:

• Develop and launch targeted educational programs that focus on sustainable practices, risk management, and cost reduction specifically tailored for small farm owners. 
• Increase access to existing resources and tools including online platforms to increase awareness and usability for small farm owners. 
• Facilitate connections between small farm owners and local markets, including urban markets, to help diversify sales channels and improve income stability. 
• Implement trial programs for specialty crops that could be suitable for small farms, providing a new avenue for diversification and innovation in crop production. 
• Organize community events and workshops that foster networking among small farm owners and promote the sharing of best practices and innovations. 
• Increase knowledge about sustainable and economically viable management practices.
• Increase skills related to efficient production methods across all species.
• Increase confidence in implementing new and emerging techniques, technology, and production systems.
• Increase confidence in making decisions related to promoting animal health-related behavior.
• Increase intentions to employ financially sound behavior regarding production methods, use of financial tools, health-focused care, and the human-animal interaction.
• Horse owners will evaluate current practices and see where changes might be of benefit. 
• New horse owners can implement the management practices that fit their needs as new horse owners.  
• Long time horse owners can see the new technologies and management practices that may benefit their horse operations.
• Improve management skills to improve sustainability and reduce cost of ownership. 
• Youth will explore their spark in agriculture.
• Youth will gain knowledge and develop skills in agriculture.
• Youth will develop a greater awareness and appreciation for the impact of agriculture in their daily life.
• Youth will expand life and work readiness skills in agriculture, gaining awareness of the diverse opportunities within the field of agriculture.

Evaluation:

Outcome: Improved commercial production practices for specialty crops

Indicators:

Number of producers who reported increased yield.  

Number of new or beginning specialty crop growers.

Number of producers who reported improved produce quality.

Number of trained volunteers.

Number of commercial growers who reported improved produce quality.

Number of commercial growers who reported increased yield in specialty crops (fruit, vegetables, herbs, etc.).

Number of commercial growers who reported that they expanded or developed new markets for specialty crops.

Number of commercial specialty crop growers who reported adoption of new technologies (acquisition of greenhouse, high tunnel, lighting, etc.)

Number of commercial specialty crop growers who reported improved management practices (soil sampling, foliar sampling, integrated pest management, cover cropping, etc.)

Number of commercial specialty crop growers who reported reduced production inputs/costs.

Method: Grower survey, direct observation and feedback

Timeline: ongoing

Outcome: Increased application of recommended horticultural practices for non-commercial production

Indicators:

Number of people that implemented environmental stewardship.

Number of people that reduced pesticide applications.

Number of community members utilizing the sites and/or amount of produce donated from sites.

Number of trained volunteers.

Number of self-reported volunteer hours at community sites.

Number of producers who reported reduced production inputs/costs.

Method: Interactions with clients, attendance at Extension educational events, direct observation and feedback

Timeline: ongoing

Outcome: Increased knowledge and/or awareness of management practices to improve sheep production efficiency

Indicator: Number of participants who reported an increase in knowledge and/or awareness of best practices for managing/raising small ruminants.

Method: Survey  

Timeline: Immediately after program participation.

 

Outcome: Implementation or utilization of knowledge gained to make changes in management of small ruminant operation.

Indicator: Number of participants that have made changes to improve management of their small ruminant operation.

Method: Survey (post program)

Timeline: Follow-up survey or records from individual consultations

 

Outcome: Individuals gain financial management skills for small ruminant operations

Indicator: Number of individuals that participated in small ruminant financial management programs.

Method: Survey or records from individual consultations

Timeline: ongoing

 

Outcome: Gained knowledge and/or participated in direct marketing of lamb.

Indicator:

Number of individuals that increased their knowledge of direct marketing of small ruminants.

Number of individuals who reported selling lamb directly to consumer/retailer.

Method: Survey or records from individual consultations

Timeline: ongoing

 

Outcome: Increased awareness of beef cattle quality assurance and care practices

Indicator: Number of participants who obtained BQCA certifications

Method: Post-program test

Timeline: After program participation or online

 

Outcome: Increased knowledge and/or awareness of management practices to improve cattle production efficiency

Indicator: Number of participants who reported an increase in their knowledge and/or awareness of management practices for improving cattle production efficiency.

Method: Survey  

Timeline: At the program

 

Outcome: Implementation or utilization of knowledge gained to make changes in management of beef operation.

Indicator: Number of participants who reported making a change to improve their beef cattle management practices.

Method: Survey (post program) or records from individual consultations

Timeline: 6-12 months after program

 

Outcome: Increased Horse Management Knowledge

Indicator:

Number of horse owners using Body Condition scoring to manage their horses.

Number of horse owners changing practices to reduce feed waste.

Number of horse owners using hay selection and use based on forage testing evaluation

Method: Evaluation results and/or records from individual consultations

Timeline: ongoing

 

Outcome: Increased livestock marketing knowledge

Indicator:

Number of participants who report increasing their knowledge of livestock marketing.

Number of individuals who implemented small ruminant financial management programs.

Method: Program evaluation tools/ surveys

Timeline: Ongoing

 

Outcome: Increased livestock management knowledge

Indicator: Number of livestock producers indicating increased understanding of farm management.

Method: Program evaluation tools / surveys

Timeline: Ongoing

 

Outcome: Increased awareness of and use of safe/effective pesticide application methods

Indicator:

Number of certified applicators earning continuing education credit.

Number of participants reporting an increase in knowledge on integrated pest management techniques.  

Number of participants reporting an increase in their use of risk mitigation strategies for pesticide application.  

Method: Surveys at CEU events

Timeline: ongoing

 

Outcome: Increased knowledge and awareness of management practices to improve poultry production efficiency and food safety

Indicator:

Number of participants indicating an increase in knowledge and/or awareness of poultry production

Number of participants who demonstrated/reported improved eggs and/or poultry cooking skills.

Number of participants who increased their knowledge of the equipment and methods used in meat processing.

Number of participants who reported an increase in knowledge of animal harvesting and carcass fabrication skills.

Number of participants who reported an increased knowledge of egg and/or poultry food safety practices.

Number of participants indicating an increase in knowledge and/or awareness of poultry production.

Number of participants reporting an increase in knowledge on integrated pest management techniques.

Method: Survey

Timeline: At the program

Youth

Outcome: Short-term

Indicator:

Number of youth who reported that they have realized the impact animal production has in daily life. 

Number of youth who reported that they have an interest in animal production. 

Number of youth who reported that they have identified at least one job/career in animal production and management that fits their interest.   

Number of youth who reported that they understand animal production concepts and ideas.

Number of adults in the county 4-H country ham program.

Method: Survey

Timeline: Immediate Post Program

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Outcome: Medium-term

Indicator:

Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and/or skills gained in agriculture to make informed decisions. 

Number of youth who reported that they have taken steps to pursue gaining more knowledge for a job in animal production based on their interests.  

Number of youth who reported that they used knowledge and/or skills gained in animal production to complete a project. 

Number of youth who reported that they adopted/applied one or more animal production practices.  

Method: 

Timeline:

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Outcome: Long-term

Indicator: Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study. 

Method: Survey

Timeline: 1+ years

Intermediate Outcome:

Indicator:

Method:

Timeline:

Long-term Outcome:

Indicator:

Method:

Timeline:

Learning Opportunities:

Audience: Specialty Crop Growers

Project or Activity: Programming for commercial or pre-commercial (training to be commercial growers) specialty crop production and management

Content or Curriculum: Publications, Fact Sheets, Workshops, Field Days, County Meetings, Regional Meetings, Field Visits, emails and phone calls

Inputs: Extension Specialists, Kentucky Horticulture Council, USDA funding, Dept of Labor funding, county agents, KDA, professional member organizations, governmental agencies (NRCS, FSA, etc.)

Dates: ongoing

Audience: Non-commercial urban and community gardeners

Project or Activity: Programming for specialty crop production and management that is non-commercial

Content or Curriculum: Publications, Fact Sheets, Workshops, Field Days, County Meetings, Regional Meetings, Field Visits, emails and phone calls

Inputs: Extension Specialists, Kentucky Horticulture Council, USDA funding, Dept of Labor funding, county agents, KDA, professional member organizations, community advocacy and faith-based groups, schools

Dates: ongoing

Audience: Sheep Producers, Industry Representatives

Project or Activity: Ewe Profit Schools

Content or Curriculum: Ewe Profit Curriculum

Inputs: UK sheep facilities, AFS Personnel, and Specialists  

Dates: ongoing

 

Audience: Sheep Producers, Industry Representatives

Project or Activity: Lambing school, grazing school

Content or Curriculum: Course presentations & materials

Inputs: UK sheep facilities, AFS Personnel and Specialists

Dates: ongoing

 

Audience: Sheep Producers, Industry Representatives

Project or Activity: Shearing & Hoof Trimming Schools

Content or Curriculum: Course materials

Inputs: UK Sheep facilities, AFS Personnel & Specialists

Dates: ongoing

 

Audience: Sheep Producers

Project or Activity: County-based sheep presentations

Content or Curriculum: Presentation materials

Inputs: UK Specialists, Industry Representatives

Dates: ongoing

 

Audience: Sheep Producers

 Project or Activity: Small Ruminant Profit School

Content or Curriculum: Presentation materials

Inputs: KY Sheep & Goat Development Office

Dates: On-line

 

Audience: Sheep Producers

Project or Activity: Advanced Small Ruminant Profit School  

Content or Curriculum: Presentation materials

Inputs: KY Sheep & Goat Development Office

Dates: On-line

 

Audience: Beef Cattle Owners, Industry representatives

Project or Activity: BQCA trainings

Content or Curriculum: State BQCA videos and chute-side trainings

Inputs: videos

Dates: ongoing

 

Audience: Beef Cattle Owners, Industry representatives

Project or Activity: Master Cattleman

Content or Curriculum: Master Cattleman curriculum

Inputs: Coordination with Beef IRM coordinators & specialists

Dates: TBD

 

Audience: Beef Cattle Owners, Industry representatives

Project or Activity: Beef Bash

Content or Curriculum:

Inputs: UK Beef Specialists, UK Research Farms

Dates: TBD

 

Audience: Livestock stakeholders (producers, lenders, government agencies, etc.)

Project or Activity: Marketing related programming

Content or Curriculum: Market outlook, risk management, value-added marketing, etc.

Inputs: Extension faculty and staff, ANR Agents and industry support   

Dates: ongoing

 

Audience: Livestock stakeholders (producers, lenders, government agencies, etc.)

Project or Activity: Management / profitability related programming

Content or Curriculum: Managing cost of production and risk, long term decision making, production efficiency, etc.

Inputs: Extension faculty and staff, ANR Agents and industry support   

Dates: ongoing

Audience: Youth

Project or Activity: Equine

Content or Curriculum: Ohio State University (OSU) Horse Learning Lab Kit, Kentucky Horse Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Horse Reference Manual (Alberta 4-H), 4-H Horse Academy, Kentucky 4-H Horse Website 

Inputs:

• 4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.?? 
• Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).? 
• Accredited volunteers in agriculture.? 
• Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.? 
• Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.? 
• Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.? 
• Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.? 
• Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.?? 
• External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.?? 

Dates: 

• Kentucky 4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31) 
• Kentucky 4-H Horse Contest (offered June each year) 
• Kentucky 4-H Horse Show (offered August each year) 

Audience: Youth

Project or Activity: Kentucky 4-H Livestock Program 

Content or Curriculum: Kentucky Animal Science Livestock Discovery Website, Kentucky Livestock Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Project and Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Learning Lab Kits, National 4-H Project Books and Helper’s Guide, Kentucky 4-H Livestock Program Overview, Kentucky 4-H Livestock Rules and Guidelines 

Inputs:

• 4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.?? 
• Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).? 
• Accredited volunteers in agriculture.? 
• Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.? 
• Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.? 
• Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.? 
• Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.? 
• Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.?? 
• External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.?? 

Dates: 

• Kentucky 4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31) 
• Kentucky 4-H Livestock Judging Contest (offered June each year) 
• Kentucky 4-H Livestock Skillathon and Quiz Bowl Contest (offered each year) 
• Kentucky 4-H Livestock Shows (offered each year) 

Audience: Youth

Project or Activity: Kentucky 4-H Poultry Program 

Content or Curriculum: Pullet Project Guide (university of Kentucky), National 4-H Poultry Judging Manual published by Nebraska Cooperative Extension Service, Evaluating Egg Laying Hens (University of Kentucky), Standards for Scoring Placing Classes (University of Kentucky), Kentucky 4-H Poultry: Giving Oral Reasons (University of Kentucky), Notesheet for Poultry Reasons (University of Kentucky), Criteria for Evaluating Oral Reasons (University of Kentucky), Kentucky 4-H Poultry: Grading RTC Poultry (University of Kentucky), Kentucky 4-H Poultry: Grading Eggs (University of Kentucky), Examples of Different Grades of Broken Out Eggs (University of Kentucky) 

Inputs: 

• 4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.?? 
• Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).? 
• Accredited volunteers in agriculture.? 
• Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.? 
• Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.? 
• Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.? 
• Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.? 
• Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.?? 
• External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.?? 

Dates: 

• Kentucky 4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31) 
• Kentucky 4-H Poultry Showmanship (offered Kentucky State Fair - August each year) 
• Kentucky 4-H Avian Bowl (offered Kentucky State Fair - August each year) 
• Kentucky 4-H Poultry Judging (offered Kentucky State Fair - August each year) 

Audience: Youth

Project or Activity: 4-H Clubwork (Livestock, Dairy, Horse, Poultry, Rabbit, Dog, and Vet Science) 

Content or Curriculum: 

• Livestock: Kentucky Animal Science Livestock Discovery Website, Kentucky Livestock Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Project and Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Learning Lab Kits, National 4-H Project Books and Helper’s Guide, Kentucky 4-H Livestock Program Overview, Kentucky 4-H Livestock Rules and Guidelines 
• Dairy: 4-H Livestock Discovery, Kentucky Livestock Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Holstein Foundation Study Questions 
• Horse: Ohio State University (OSU) Horse Learning Lab Kit, Kentucky Horse Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Horse Reference Manual (Alberta 4-H), 4-H Horse Academy, Kentucky 4-H Horse Website 
• Poultry: Kentucky 4-H Avian Bowl Manual, National 4-H Poultry Judging Manual published by Nebraska Cooperative Extension Service, Evaluating Egg Laying Hens (University of Kentucky), Standards for Scoring Placing Classes (University of Kentucky), Kentucky 4-H Poultry: Giving Oral Reasons (University of Kentucky), Notesheet for Poultry Reasons (University of Kentucky), Criteria for Evaluating Oral Reasons (University of Kentucky), Kentucky 4-H Poultry: Grading RTC Poultry (University of Kentucky), Kentucky 4-H Poultry: Grading Eggs (University of Kentucky), Examples of Different Grades of Broken Out Eggs (University of Kentucky), The Egg and I, Chick Incubation 
• Rabbit: Ohio State University (OSU) Rabbit Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Rabbit Project Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Rabbit Learning Lab Kit, National 4-H Rabbit Curriculum Levels 1-3 and Helper’s Guide, American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA) Standard of Perfection, Kentucky 4-H Rabbit Program Guide and Rule Book, 4-H Rabbit Program Overview 
• Dog: Kentucky Dog Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Ohio State University (OSU) Dog Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Dog Project and Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Dog Learning Lab Kit, National 4-H Dog Curriculum Levels 1-3 and Helper’s Guide, American Kennel Club Website, Kentucky 4-H Dog Program Rule Book, Kentucky 4-H Dog Program Overview 

Inputs:

• 4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.?? 
• Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).? 
• Accredited volunteers in agriculture.? 
• Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.? 
• Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.? 
• Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.? 
• Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.? 
• Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.?? 
• External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.??? 

Dates: 4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31) 

Audience: Youth

Project or Activity: Kentucky 4-H Country Ham Program 

Content or Curriculum: Kentucky Animal Science Livestock Discovery Website, Kentucky Livestock Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Project and Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Learning Lab Kits, National 4-H Project Books and Helper’s Guide, Country Ham Meat Lesson Kit (University of Kentucky)

Inputs: 

• 4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.?? 
• Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).? 
• Accredited volunteers in agriculture.? 
• Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.? 
• Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.? 
• Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.? 
• Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.? 
• Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.?? 
• External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.??

Dates: 

• 4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31) 
• Kentucky 4-H Country Ham Contest (offered Kentucky State Fair - August each year) 

Audience: Youth

Project or Activity: General Agricultural Short Term Programs (School Enrichment, 4-H Camp, etc.) 

Content or Curriculum: 

• Any 4-H Curriculum 
• Kentucky Ag and Environment in the Classroom, Inc. (KyAEC) https://www.teachkyag.org/ 
• Kentucky Food and Farm Facts https://www.kyfoodandfarm.info/  
• Kids Sonder: Agriculture Unboxed https://www.mommassonder.com/  
• National Ag Day https://www.agday.org/  
• National Ag and Environment in the Classroom https://agclassroom.org/ 

Inputs:

• 4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.?? 
• Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).? 
• Accredited volunteers in agriculture.? 
• Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.? 
• Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.? 
• Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.? 
• Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.? 
• Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.?? 
• External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.?? 

Dates: 4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31) 

Evaluation:

Outcome: Improved commercial production practices for specialty crops

Indicators:

Number of producers who reported increased yield.  

Number of new or beginning specialty crop growers.

Number of producers who reported improved produce quality.

Number of trained volunteers.

Number of commercial growers who reported improved produce quality.

Number of commercial growers who reported increased yield in specialty crops (fruit, vegetables, herbs, etc.).

Number of commercial growers who reported that they expanded or developed new markets for specialty crops.

Number of commercial specialty crop growers who reported adoption of new technologies (acquisition of greenhouse, high tunnel, lighting, etc.)

Number of commercial specialty crop growers who reported improved management practices (soil sampling, foliar sampling, integrated pest management, cover cropping, etc.)

Number of commercial specialty crop growers who reported reduced production inputs/costs.

Method: Grower survey, direct observation and feedback

Timeline: ongoing

Outcome: Increased application of recommended horticultural practices for non-commercial production

Indicators:

Number of people that implemented environmental stewardship.

Number of people that reduced pesticide applications.

Number of community members utilizing the sites and/or amount of produce donated from sites.

Number of trained volunteers.

Number of self-reported volunteer hours at community sites.

Number of producers who reported reduced production inputs/costs.

Method: Interactions with clients, attendance at Extension educational events, direct observation and feedback

Timeline: ongoing

Outcome: Increased knowledge and/or awareness of management practices to improve sheep production efficiency

Indicator: Number of participants who reported an increase in knowledge and/or awareness of best practices for managing/raising small ruminants.

Method: Survey  

Timeline: Immediately after program participation.

 

Outcome: Implementation or utilization of knowledge gained to make changes in management of small ruminant operation.

Indicator: Number of participants that have made changes to improve management of their small ruminant operation.

Method: Survey (post program)

Timeline: Follow-up survey or records from individual consultations

 

Outcome: Individuals gain financial management skills for small ruminant operations

Indicator: Number of individuals that participated in small ruminant financial management programs.

Method: Survey or records from individual consultations

Timeline: ongoing

 

Outcome: Gained knowledge and/or participated in direct marketing of lamb.

Indicator:

Number of individuals that increased their knowledge of direct marketing of small ruminants.

Number of individuals who reported selling lamb directly to consumer/retailer.

Method: Survey or records from individual consultations

Timeline: ongoing

 

Outcome: Increased awareness of beef cattle quality assurance and care practices

Indicator: Number of participants who obtained BQCA certifications

Method: Post-program test

Timeline: After program participation or online

 

Outcome: Increased knowledge and/or awareness of management practices to improve cattle production efficiency

Indicator: Number of participants who reported an increase in their knowledge and/or awareness of management practices for improving cattle production efficiency.

Method: Survey  

Timeline: At the program

 

Outcome: Implementation or utilization of knowledge gained to make changes in management of beef operation.

Indicator: Number of participants who reported making a change to improve their beef cattle management practices.

Method: Survey (post program) or records from individual consultations

Timeline: 6-12 months after program

 

Outcome: Increased Horse Management Knowledge

Indicator:

Number of horse owners using Body Condition scoring to manage their horses.

Number of horse owners changing practices to reduce feed waste.

Number of horse owners using hay selection and use based on forage testing evaluation

Method: Evaluation results and/or records from individual consultations

Timeline: ongoing

 

Outcome: Increased livestock marketing knowledge

Indicator:

Number of participants who report increasing their knowledge of livestock marketing.

Number of individuals who implemented small ruminant financial management programs.

Method: Program evaluation tools/ surveys

Timeline: Ongoing

 

Outcome: Increased livestock management knowledge

Indicator: Number of livestock producers indicating increased understanding of farm management.

Method: Program evaluation tools / surveys

Timeline: Ongoing

 

Outcome: Increased awareness of and use of safe/effective pesticide application methods

Indicator:

Number of certified applicators earning continuing education credit.

Number of participants reporting an increase in knowledge on integrated pest management techniques.  

Number of participants reporting an increase in their use of risk mitigation strategies for pesticide application.  

Method: Surveys at CEU events

Timeline: ongoing

 

Outcome: Increased knowledge and awareness of management practices to improve poultry production efficiency and food safety

Indicator:

Number of participants indicating an increase in knowledge and/or awareness of poultry production

Number of participants who demonstrated/reported improved eggs and/or poultry cooking skills.

Number of participants who increased their knowledge of the equipment and methods used in meat processing.

Number of participants who reported an increase in knowledge of animal harvesting and carcass fabrication skills.

Number of participants who reported an increased knowledge of egg and/or poultry food safety practices.

Number of participants indicating an increase in knowledge and/or awareness of poultry production.

Number of participants reporting an increase in knowledge on integrated pest management techniques.

Method: Survey

Timeline: At the program

Youth

Outcome: Short-term

Indicator:

Number of youth who reported that they have realized the impact animal production has in daily life. 

Number of youth who reported that they have an interest in animal production. 

Number of youth who reported that they have identified at least one job/career in animal production and management that fits their interest.   

Number of youth who reported that they understand animal production concepts and ideas.

Number of adults in the county 4-H country ham program.

Method: Survey

Timeline: Immediate Post Program

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Outcome: Medium-term

Indicator:

Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and/or skills gained in agriculture to make informed decisions. 

Number of youth who reported that they have taken steps to pursue gaining more knowledge for a job in animal production based on their interests.  

Number of youth who reported that they used knowledge and/or skills gained in animal production to complete a project. 

Number of youth who reported that they adopted/applied one or more animal production practices.  

Method: 

Timeline:

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Outcome: Long-term

Indicator: Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study. 

Method: Survey

Timeline: 1+ years

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Long-term Outcome:

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