Boyd County CES

County Emphasis:

Agriculture and Horticulture Practices

Concentration 1:

Animal Production and Management

Concentration 2:

Plant Production and Management

Situation:

Animal Production and Management

Kentucky’s animal production and management strategies encompass sustainable practices, health-focused care, and economic viability across all species, thus contributing significantly to the state’s agricultural landscape. Beef cattle play a crucial role in converting Kentucky’s vast 7 million acres of pasture and forage into valuable products. CES focuses on sustainable grazing practices and ensuring optimal use of natural resources like land and water.

Kentucky is renowned as the Horse Capital of the World and is home to a diverse equine population, including thoroughbreds, stock horses, standardbreds, and other breeds. Kentucky’s horse industry focuses on breeding excellence. Many commercial swine farms operate in the state, focusing on efficient growth and high-quality pork. Swine farmers implement strict biosecurity protocols to prevent disease transmission and minimize stress. Kentucky’s small ruminant producers raise various sheep and goat breeds for meat, fiber, and dairy purposes. Small ruminants thrive on pasture-based systems, utilizing natural forage with a priority on health management, including vaccinations, parasite control, and nutrition.

Poultry is the number one agricultural industry in the state, contributing significantly to the economy. The poultry sector contains thriving broiler industry for meat production and laying hens for egg production. Many small flock owners raise chickens for personal consumption or local markets. Implementing conservation practices that protect soil and water resources will ensure the long-term sustainability of Kentucky farmland and improve resilience to climate variability.

To meet the needs of Kentucky animal producers, CES Extension will create or expand its efforts to offer need-based education and producer-focused programming for all species. Current/future activities include introducing programs to address and improve specific management systems and introducing new and emerging techniques, technology, and production systems for increased efficiency and profitability.

Youth Focus

Kentucky’s youth should have access to education and life skills in animal production and management. According to the 2022 U.S. Census of Agriculture, Kentucky has seen a decline in the number of farms and agricultural land, alongside a slight increase in the average age of producers and farm size. Successful operation of farms and ranches requires business skills, ongoing training and education, and safety awareness (USDA, 2024). The University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service Community Needs Assessment (2023) highlights key agricultural priorities, including youth life skill training, workforce readiness, access to affordable and nutritious food, support for the local agriculture industry, and promoting agricultural literacy among youth. 4-H projects in animal production and management can help young people develop life skills, learn about responsibility, and gain content knowledge about animals through breeding or market projects.

Plant Production and Management

Optimizing plant, crop, and forage production is paramount as Kentucky producers navigate the challenges of economics, climate variability, and evolving consumer demands. Key challenges and strategies to enhance sustainable practices across various agricultural domains, including: rising input costs (seeds, fertilizers, machinery), crop price fluctuations, knowledge of soil health, and water management to produce high-yielding crops for long-term productivity.

Producers use data-driven approaches for efficient resource utilization while exploring new crop varieties for pest resistance and yield improvement. As technology advances, producers will need to adopt remote sensing technologies to monitor soil health, moisture, and other parameters to increase efficiency. Implementing conservation practices that protect soil and water resources will ensure the long-term sustainability of Kentucky farmland and improve resilience to climate variability.

Current and continuing practices involve cover crops to reduce erosion, resulting in enhanced soil health as well as rotating crops to break pest cycles, improve soil fertility, and reduce disease pressure. Extension programming will encourage diverse crops and horticulture species to reduce risk and explore specialty crops, such as berries, herbs, and ornamental plants. Extension Specialists continue to educate farmers on forage species selection for hay production and livestock nutrition, advise on implementing integrated pest management and organic production practices (to minimize chemical inputs while still effectively managing pests), select climate-adapted crop varieties, and prepare for extreme weather events through adaptation and disaster readiness programs.

To meet the needs of producers, agents and specialists will continue to disseminate research-based information, offer workshops, field days, online resources, support local farmers’ markets, community gardens, community supported agriculture, and urban horticulture initiatives.

Youth Focus

Educating youth about plant production and soil science is crucial for the future of agriculture, empowering them to innovate and address current and future agricultural challenges. The National 4-H Council’s 2024 Index Survey revealed that 83% of youth enjoy science, 66% view it as a tool for problem-solving, and 62% are interested in science-related careers. The 2022 U.S. Census of Agriculture highlights trends in Kentucky, such as a decrease in the number of farms, reduced agricultural land, an aging producer population, and larger farm sizes. Key priority issues identified by the University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension System Community Needs Assessment (2023) include youth life skill training opportunities, youth workforce readiness, access to affordable, nutritious food, support for the local agriculture industry, and promoting youth agriculture literacy. 4-H projects in plant production and soil science can help young people develop life skills, learn responsibility, and gain knowledge about these fields through horticulture, plant science, and soil science projects and programs.

County Situation:

Animal Production and Management

Horses are still increasing in number and popularity in the county and the area. It would not be surprising if the number of horse owners is equal to or above the number of cattle owners. The majority are for pleasure riding, but there are also a fair number of show horses owned and trained in the county. Of the pleasure horses, it is a mix, but many, if not most, are used for trail riding, or plan to be used for that. New and first-time owners are growing, and the need is there for educational programs on animal care and horsemanship in general. And there are always new things that even seasoned horse owners need to learn.  Given the previous statements, the interest and participation in equine-related activities and programming are increasing annually. Commercial cattle remain the top economic livestock species in the county.  We are seeing a slight increase in pigs/hogs being raised for the custom market. This, along with a new livestock processing facility opening, has led to an increasing interest in custom beef. One area that we are seeing a significant increase in interest in is managing land for wildlife, mostly for hunting purposes, but also just for viewing enjoyment. We began to offer educational opportunities to the public who seem to be much more interested in buying locally raised, custom-processed meat than in the past.

Plant Production and Management

With the downturn of the local economy due to layoffs by large community stakeholders in the area, many families have a decrease in their monthly incomes and are looking at alternatives to supplement their food supplies. In 2018, the National Gardening Survey indicated that 77% of American households garden in some way.  Other estimates reveal that consumer horticulture and supporting industries contribute nearly $200 billion to the US economy each year and support over 2 million jobs.  Recent trends indicate that more and more Americans are growing their food (35% of households) while interests in ornamentals remain high, particularly in the area of gardening to support pollinators and other ecological uses of plants.  American gardens will continue to look to Cooperative Extension for specific answers to their gardening questions.  The Extension Master Gardener Program equips trained and certified volunteers to assist Extension staff in delivering research-based gardening information to the public.

As in many counties, there is a diverse farming community in Boyd County, from the standpoint of size to products to the experience, or lack thereof of the landowner, to the greatly varied knowledge of farming in today's world. Given these wide variations, many times, just basic, general farm knowledge is lacking and needs to be presented. Many times, what one considers a problem or a waste, another considers a great use of the resource, and vice versa. Many clients do not keep up with the latest policies and programs that are being enacted that affect them and their farms and lands. This will be the second time that Boyd County has been able to offer the full CAIP program through the Ag Development Board and Phase 1 funds. Time and programs will be developed/devoted to addressing this with county farmers and landowners.

Forages are by far the largest crop grown in the county, both as pasture and stored feed, i.e., hay, baleage, silage, etc. Grain production is not a significant enterprise within the county, with fewer than 5 producers of any size, so educational information for this is delivered on an individual basis as needed or requested. There does seem to be a renewed interest in grains and legumes as cover crops and for inter-seeding into pastures for winter grazing.

Long-Term Outcomes:

Animal Production and Management 

Adult 

Increase the quality and number of animals produced annually, contributing to the increased and more stable financial position for producers.

Increase the use of sustainable management practices across all production methods and species. 

Producers are routinely implementing guidelines and recommendations for efficient and financially sound production, demonstrating sustainable behavior change.

Continually implementing new technology and production practices.

Improve the quality of life of animals and humans.

Increase the quality of beef cattle produced annually, contributing to an increased and more stable financial position of cattle operations. 

Increase the use of sustainable management practices across all production methods, leading to enhanced production efficiency and reductions in the carbon footprint. 

Producers routinely follow Beef Quality Care & Assurance standards to produce healthy and high-quality beef. 

Continuous adoption of new technology and production practices.

Increase the use of sustainable management practices by horse owners. 

Horse owners will be encouraged to apply best management practices for the care and management of their horses to help control the cost of ownership.  

Increase the quality of small ruminants, annually contributing to increased and more stable financial positions of small ruminant operations. 

Youth

Youth will make informed decisions regarding agricultural products and services.

Youth will advocate for agriculture and sustainable fiber and food production in their communities.

Youth will be life and work ready, contributing to the agricultural community as consumers, leaders, and innovators.

 

Plant Production and Management

Adult

Achieve long-term sustainability and resilience through the widespread adoption of practices that enhance soil productivity, conserve water, and optimize resource use, leading to resilient agricultural systems capable of withstanding economic and environmental fluctuations.

Strengthening local economies through improved farm sustainability and profitability, which are economic multipliers in local communities. Helping farm families successfully transition to subsequent generations. Helping new and beginning farmers enter farming operations.  

Strengthen local economies through the continuous support of farmers’ markets, community gardens, and community-supported agriculture programs that are well-integrated with urban horticulture initiatives.

Develop and implement a comprehensive framework for disaster readiness and climate adaptation that includes advanced forecasting, crop selection, and management practices to prepare for extreme weather events.

Improved crop sustainability, increased farm profitability, and reduced environmental impact using best disease management practices

Reduced unnecessary pesticide exposure to farmers, agribusinesses, and the general public

Increased farm productivity because of a reduction in yield and quality losses due to diseases

Helping to educate turfgrass managers on how to maintain surfaces that meet the needs of their desired uses while improving the economic and environmental benefits of turfgrasses.

Work with farmers and those interested in farming on generational succession in farms to improve the sustainability of the farms for generations.

Develop and implement a comprehensive framework for disaster readiness and climate adaptation that includes advanced forecasting, crop selection, and management practices to prepare for extreme weather events.

Youth 

Youth will make informed decisions regarding agricultural products and services.

Youth will advocate for agriculture and sustainable fiber and food production in their communities.

Youth will be life and work ready, contributing to the agricultural community as consumers, leaders, and innovators.

Intermediate Outcomes:

Animal Production and Management 

Adult

Annually implement strategies and production methods that result in increased efficiency, and number of animals produced /maintained, and animals harvested, or pounds of milk produced.

Increased biosecurity strategies that promote both animal and human health-related behaviors for a safe food system.

Increase or strengthen partnerships or relationships with commodity groups to address sustainable management strategies, health-focused care, and economic viability for all livestock.

Annually evaluate how they care for and manage their horses using cost-effective strategies. 

Consider how they can use good biosecurity practices to ensure the health of their horses.  

Youth

Youth will practice skills gained from 4-H agricultural projects and clubs. 

Youth will communicate agricultural ideas and concepts more effectively.

Youth actively adopt and apply advanced agricultural practices, demonstrating a growing commitment to the agricultural community.

Plant Production and Management

Adult

Continuing development and dissemination of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices by specialists and agents to educate producers and promote IPM practices and/or organic practices that reduce chemical inputs while maintaining crop health and productivity.

Expansion of Extension programming by broadening the scope of extension services to include more comprehensive support for agronomic and horticultural crops and forages suited to Kentucky's changing climate and soil conditions.

Explore the use of emerging production technologies to achieve increased adoption of technologies such as monitoring crop productivity, crop quality, soil health, and soil moisture levels across Kentucky's agricultural sectors.

Adoption of improved pesticide safety practices

Increased adoption of effective crop protection (i.e., IPM) methods by stakeholders to manage diseases

Increased number of stakeholders who scout for diseases, monitor disease risk factors, and use research-based information

Early identification of potential disease outbreaks and awareness of disease trends

Judicious use of pesticide-based disease management

Expansion of Extension programming by broadening the scope of extension services to include more comprehensive support for grain crops, forages, tobacco, hemp, and turfgrass suited to Kentucky's changing climate and soil conditions.

Explore the use of emerging production technologies to achieve increased adoption of technologies for such things as monitoring crop productivity, crop quality, soil health, and soil moisture levels across Kentucky's agricultural sectors.

Adoption of improved pesticide application practices.  Improve understanding and compliance with state pesticide applicator regulations.

Proper implementation of technologies to help farmers, crop consultants, and pesticide applicators monitor, document, plant, harvest, and manage crops and forages. Technologies can include, but are not limited to, global navigation systems, section controls, applicator maps, soil sampling maps, yield maps, unmanned aerial vehicles, genetic traits, data analysis, etc.

Youth

Youth will practice skills gained from 4-H agricultural projects and clubs.

Youth will communicate agricultural ideas and concepts more effectively.

Youth actively adopt and apply advanced agricultural practices, demonstrating a growing commitment to the agricultural community.

Initial Outcomes:

Animal Production and Management

Adult

Animal production and management strategies encompass but are not limited to sustainable practices, health-focused care, and economic viability across all species. Activities will include programs to address and improve specific management systems and introduce new and emerging techniques, technology, and production systems for increased efficiency and profitability.

Increase knowledge about sustainable and economically viable management practices.

Increase skills related to efficient production methods across all species.

Increase confidence in implementing new and emerging techniques, technology, and production systems.

Increase confidence in making decisions related to promoting animal health-related behavior. 

Increase intentions to employ financially sound behavior regarding production methods, use of financial tools, health-focused care, and human-animal interaction.

 

Horses are kept primarily for sport and recreation. The majority of CES clientele can be placed in one of three general categories: 1) the new or first-time owner. These owners may have recently purchased a horse or have taken over full-time care of their horse, 2) Horse owners that have experience but are looking to validate what they do to make sure they are on the right track, and 3) the long-time horse owner who is looking to improve management of their horses. 

Horse owners will evaluate current practices and see where changes might be of benefit. 

New horse owners can implement management practices that fit their needs as new horse owners.  

Long-time horse owners can see the new technologies and management practices that may benefit their horse operations.  

Improve management skills to improve sustainability and reduce the cost of ownership. 

Youth

Youth will explore their spark in agriculture.

Youth will gain knowledge and develop skills in agriculture.

Youth will develop a greater awareness and appreciation for the impact of agriculture on their daily life.

Youth will expand life and work readiness skills in agriculture, gaining awareness of the diverse opportunities within the field of agriculture.

 Plant Production and Management

Adult

Increase adoption of data-driven practices through immediate trainings, workshops, and field visits to educate producers on the latest data-driven agricultural technologies, focusing on efficient resource utilization, pest resistance, and yield improvements.

Enhanced soil and water management programs by rolling out targeted extension programs that focus on soil health and water management techniques to immediately improve crop yield potentials.

Support for crop trials by initiating pilot projects that support the planting of diverse crops and horticultural species, such as vegetables, small fruit, tree fruit, herbs, and ornamental plants, to assess short-term viability and consumer interest.

Initial and continuing education opportunities for certified pesticide applicators

Stakeholders have the knowledge and tools needed to better protect crops from diseases and to understand the benefits of adopting best disease management practices and resistance mitigation

Stakeholders are more aware of current and new, and/or emerging disease issues

Stakeholders have access to timely diagnostics to avoid or reduce the impact of disease outbreaks

Stakeholders are more aware of UK plant pathology research and resources

Increase adoption of data-driven practices through immediate training, workshops, and field visits to educate producers on the latest data-driven agricultural technologies, focusing on efficient resource utilization, pest resistance, sustainability, and yield improvements.

Enhanced soil and water management programs by rolling out targeted extension programs that focus on soil and water management techniques to immediately improve crop yield potentials and promote environmentally favorable practices.

Support for diverse crop trials by initiating pilot projects that support the planting of diverse crops.

Fulfillment of annual GAP Training requirements for GAP Certification of tobacco producers.

Facilitate training to provide necessary knowledge to support those desiring to obtain commercial and non-commercial applicator licenses and maintain CEUs from the Kentucky Department of Agriculture in the turf and ornamental category.

Assisting farmers who need to document specific climate objectives and/or management practices of grain and tobacco buyers.

 Youth

Youth will explore their spark in agriculture.

Youth will gain knowledge and develop skills in agriculture.

Youth will develop a greater awareness and appreciation for the impact of agriculture on their daily life.

Youth will expand life and work readiness skills in agriculture, gaining awareness of the diverse opportunities within the field of agriculture.

Evaluation:

Animal Production and Management

Outcome: Increased awareness of beef cattle quality assurance and care practices

Indicator: Number of participants who obtained BQCA certifications

Method: Post-program test

Timeline: After program participation or online

Outcome: Increased knowledge and/or awareness of management practices to improve cattle production efficiency

Indicator: Number of participants who reported an increase in their knowledge and/or awareness of management practices for improving cattle production efficiency.

Method: Survey  

Timeline: At the program

Outcome: Implementation or utilization of knowledge gained to make changes in the management of the beef operation.

Indicator: Number of participants who reported making a change to improve their beef cattle management practices.

Method: Survey (post program) or records from individual consultations

Timeline: 6-12 months after the program

Outcome: Increased Horse Management Knowledge

Indicators: 

The number of horse owners using Body Condition scoring to manage their horses. 

The number of horse owners is changing practices to reduce feed waste. 

Number of horse owners using hay selection and use based on forage testing evaluation

Method: Evaluation results and/or records from individual consultations

Timeline: Ongoing

Outcome: Increased understanding of the horse industry  

Indicators:

Number of agent-led horse programing to their county programs. 

Number of agents supporting Pastures Please and Farm and Facility Expo in their area.

Method: Evaluation results and/or records from individual consultations

Timeline: Ongoing

Outcome: Understanding of equine farm and facility sustainable management  

Indicators: 

Number of participants implementing mud management practices. 

Number of participants using temporary fences for grazing systems for horses.

Method: Evaluation results and records from individual consultations  

Timeline: Ongoing

Outcome: Increased livestock marketing knowledge 

Indicators: 

Number of participants who report increasing their knowledge of livestock marketing. 

Number of individuals who implemented small ruminant financial management programs.

Method: Program evaluation tools/ surveys

Timeline: Ongoing

Outcome: Increased livestock management knowledge

Indicator: Number of livestock producers indicating increased understanding of farm management.

Method: Program evaluation tools/surveys

Timeline: Ongoing

Outcome: Increased awareness of and use of safe/effective pesticide application methods

Indicators: 

Number of certified applicators earning continuing education credit. 

Number of participants reporting an increase in knowledge on integrated pest management techniques.  

Number of participants reporting an increase in their use of risk mitigation strategies for pesticide application.  

Method: Surveys at CEU events

Timeline: Ongoing 

Outcome: Increased knowledge and awareness of management practices to improve poultry production efficiency and food safety

Indicators: 

Number of participants indicating an increase in knowledge and/or awareness of poultry production 

Number of participants who demonstrated/reported improved eggs and/or poultry cooking skills.

Number of participants who increased their knowledge of the equipment and methods used in meat processing.

Number of participants who reported an increase in knowledge of animal harvesting and carcass fabrication skills.

Number of participants who reported an increased knowledge of egg and/or poultry food safety practices.

Number of participants indicating an increase in knowledge and/or awareness of poultry production.

Number of participants reporting an increase in knowledge on integrated pest management techniques.

Method: Survey

Timeline: At the program

Youth

Outcome: Short-term

Indicators: 

Number of youth who reported that they have realized the impact animal production has in daily life. 

Number of youth who reported that they have an interest in animal production. 

Number of youth who reported that they have identified at least one job/career in animal production and management that fits their interest.   

Number of youth who reported that they understand animal production concepts and ideas.

Number of adults in the county 4-H country ham program.

Method: Survey

Timeline: Immediate Post Program

Outcome: Medium-term

Indicators: 

Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and/or skills gained in agriculture to make informed decisions. 

Number of youth who reported that they have taken steps to pursue gaining more knowledge for a job in animal production based on their interests.  

Number of youth who reported that they used knowledge and/or skills gained in animal production to complete a project. 

Number of youth who reported that they adopted/applied one or more animal production practices. 

Method: Survey

Timeline: 1+ years

Outcome: Long-term

Indicator: Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study. 

Method: Survey

Timeline: 1+ years

Plant Production and Management

Outcome: Improved production practices

Indicators:  

Number of commercial participants who reported improving their plant production or management practices.

Number of consumer participants who reported improving their plant production or management practices.

Method: Program evaluation tool/survey or records from individual consultations.

Timeline:  After program participation.

Outcome: Stakeholders have the knowledge and tools needed to better protect crops from diseases and understand the benefits of adopting best disease management practices and resistance mitigation. Stakeholders are more aware of UK plant pathology research

Indicator: Number of stakeholders who reported increased knowledge of research-based disease identification and management practices for crops grown in Kentucky and/or share that information with other stakeholders.

Method: Primarily surveys, records from consultations

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Early identification of potential disease outbreaks

Indicators:  

Number of stakeholders contacted the Extension Office for help with disease identification and management.

 Number of plant samples submitted to the PDDL.

Method: Sample diagnosis through the PDDL, direct communication with Extension Specialists

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Improved production practices and economic return of production inputs

Indicator: Number of participants who report increased economic return from improved production practices recommended in Plant Production and Management-related Extension programs.

Method: Surveys, participant feedback, CES agent feedback

Timeline: Frequently to annual

Outcome: Improved production practices

Indicator: Number of producers who reported increased knowledge of crop and forage production, fertility management, varieties, pest control, and/or sustainable practices.

Method: Surveys

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Identification of diseases and abiotic problems in crops and forages

Indicator: Number of plant diagnoses made annually, with diagnosis and recommendation reports sent to the ANR agent and grower.

Method: ANR agent feedback, grower feedback

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Improving forage and livestock management

Indicator: Number of participants that indicate a high likelihood of implementation of improved forage and livestock management practices.

Method: Schools, workshops, conferences, and field days.  Information from these events will also be pushed out through the KY Forages YouTube Channel and the Master Grazer Facebook page

Timeline: Programs are provided one or more times annually at multiple locations throughout Kentucky

Outcome: Stakeholders have knowledge and tools needed to better protect crops from weeds and understand the benefits of adopting the best management practices for weed and resistance mitigation. Stakeholders are more aware of UK weed science research

Indicator: Number of stakeholders who reported increased knowledge of research-based weed identification and/or weed management practices for crops grown in Kentucky.

Method: Primarily surveys, consultations

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Increased crop management knowledge and skills?

Indicators: 

Number of participants who increased their knowledge of risk management tools. 

 Number of participants who increased their use of risk management tools. 

 Number of participants who reported increased knowledge of plant production and/or management practices.

Number of participants who reported reducing their inputs or costs in their plant production

Number of participants who reported increased efficiency in their plant production and/or management

Method: Attendance and program evaluations/surveys

Timeline: Ongoing?

Outcome: Increased Home Horticulture knowledge

Indicators: 

Number of home or community gardeners who reported that they implemented environmental stewardship (pollinator gardens, rain catchment, etc.)

Number of non-commercial growers who reported adoption of improved management practices (soil sampling, reduced pesticide applications, integrated pest management, etc.)

Number of community members using or participating in public or community gardens

 Amount of produce donated from community gardens

Method: Attendance and program evaluations/surveys

Timeline: Ongoing 

Outcome: Increasing knowledge for commercial and non-commercial home gardeners. 

Indicator: Number of commercial growers who reported improved specialty crop production and/or management practices.

Number of non-commercial home gardeners who reported improved planting and/or management practices.

Method: Attendance and program evaluations/surveys

Timeline: Ongoing 

Youth

Outcome:Short-Term

Indicators: 

Number of youth who reported increased understanding of the impact (or role) of plant production in their daily lives.

Number of youth who reported an increased interest in plant production and management. 

Number of youth who reported that they understand plant production concepts and ideas.

Number of youth who reported that they have identified at least one job/career in plant production and management that fits their interest

Method: Survey

Timeline: Administered immediately following the program/activity

Outcome: Medium-Term

Indicators:

Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and skills gained in plant production to make informed decisions. 

Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and/or skills gained in plant production to complete a  project.

Number of youth who reported that they have taken steps to pursue gaining more knowledge for a job in plant production based on their interests.

Method: Survey

Timeline: Administered at the end of the program year/club year

Outcome: Long Term

Indicator:  Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study.

Method: Survey

Timeline: End of program year or several years.

Learning Opportunities:

Animal Production and Management

Audience: Equine Owners, County Saddle Club members

Project or Activity: Monthly meeting with educational programming offered, annual East KY Horse Expo

Content or Curriculum: Various, depending on requests and needs

Inputs: Ag agent, specialists, facilities

Date(s): Monthly 2025-2027

Audience: Equine Owners

Project or Activity: Saddle Club-sponsored equine training sessions

Content or Curriculum: Designed by Saddle Club, UK specialists, and industry professionals

Inputs: Saddle Club, Boyd County Extension property and equipment, and the Ag agent input

Date(s): Summer and Fall 2025- Spring 2026

Audience: Equine Owners, horse enthusiasts

Project or Activity: Horses + Horsemen 

Content or Curriculum: Horses + Horsemen

Inputs: Agents, specialists, industry experts, facilities

Date(s): Fall 2025 or winter/spring 2026

Audience: Beef Producers (Highlands Beef Cattle Association or HBCA)

Project or Activity: Scheduled meetings with educational programs

Content or Curriculum: Fencing, processing, forage production, health care issues, genetics. marketing

Inputs: Ag agents, state specialists, industry experts, KDA, KBN

Date(s): Monthly Fall 2025- Winter/Spring 2026

Audience: Property owners with livestock

Project or Activity: Proper fencing program/demonstration(s)

Content or Curriculum: How to make sufficient fences to contain animals. How to protect and preserve waterways from animals while still being able to use the water resource.

Inputs: Cooperators, fencing supplies, industry experts, UK specialists, Extension agents

Date(s): Fall 2025 or Spring 2026

Audience: Wildlife enthusiasts and general landowners

Project or Activity: Developing wildlife food plots and Invasive Pest Control, Hunter/Wildlife Diseases

Content or Curriculum: How to develop food plots for increased nutritional health of wildlife, including game animals for harvesting, as well as just backyard-type viewing pleasure. How to prevent invasive pests with livestock. Learn to identify wild game diseases and impacts on hunter health. 

Inputs: Ag agents, state specialists, industry experts, Extension agents, facilities, plot work, wildlife cameras

Date(s): Summer 2025-Summer 2026

Audience: Livestock owners

Project or Activity: Livestock composting program

Content or Curriculum: UK specialist provided materials

Inputs: Composting sites, composting materials, tractor, personnel to inter the animals.

Date(s): Year Round Annually

Audience: Small Ruminate Production

Project or Activity: FAMANEWA Scoring 

Content or Curriculum: UK and Purdue Health, nutrition, breeding, and parasite control.

Inputs: Ag Agent, Facilities, State Specialist from UK, KSU, and Purdue. 

Date(s): Spring 2026

Audience: CAIP orientation

Project or Activity: Orientation to the CAIP program is offered each time the program is offered in the county

Content or Curriculum: Will provide orientation of the program to anyone who wants to participate, a general overview, and what is needed and expected

Inputs: Ag Agent and Boyd County CAIP administrator

Date(s): Spring/Summer 2025 and as needed moving forward

Audience: Farmers/Producers

Project or Activity: CAIP Program

Content or Curriculum: State Ag Development Board and KOAP provided in accordance with HB 611.

Inputs: Provided by KOAP and the State Ag Development Board

Date(s): Summer/Fall 2025

Audience: Beef producers

Project or Activity: BQCA (Beef Quality and Assurance Program)

Content or Curriculum: Standardized curriculum/training offered to any beef producer who wants or needs it

Inputs: KBA and UK developed content, as well as national-level content and standards

Date(s): As needed, but usually in conjunction with a new CAIP program being offered

Audience: General Public that interacts with the environment 

Project or Activity: Biosecurity Education

Content or Curriculum: Fish & Wildlife, UK, USDA Specialists, KDA Guidelines 

Inputs: KDA and UK Development content

Date(s): Summer/Winter 2025-2026

Audience: Poultry Enthusiasts 

Project or Activity: Poultry Management 

Content or Curriculum: UK Program Development, USDA Guidelines 

Inputs: UK-developed content; USDA-developed content

Date(s): Summer 2026

Audience: Youth

Project or Activity: Kentucky 4-H Livestock Program

Content or Curriculum: Kentucky Animal Science Livestock Discovery Website, Kentucky Livestock Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Project and Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Learning Lab Kits, National 4-H Project Books and Helper’s Guide, Kentucky 4-H Livestock Program Overview, Kentucky 4-H Livestock Rules and Guidelines

Inputs: 4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.?? 

Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).? 

Accredited volunteers in agriculture.? 

Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.? 

Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.? 

Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.? 

Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.? 

Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.?? 

External stakeholder engagement and support, such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.

Date(s):

Kentucky 4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31) 

Kentucky 4-H Livestock Judging Contest (offered June each year) 

Kentucky 4-H Livestock Skillathon and Quiz Bowl Contest (offered each year) 

Kentucky 4-H Livestock Shows (offered each year)

Audience: Youth

Project or Activity: Kentucky 4-H Dairy Program

Content or Curriculum: 4-H Livestock Discovery, Kentucky Livestock Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Holstein Foundation Study Questions

Inputs: 4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.?? 

Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).? 

Accredited volunteers in agriculture.? 

Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.? 

Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.? 

Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.? 

Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.? 

Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.?? 

External stakeholder engagement and support, such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.

Date(s):

Kentucky 4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31) 

Kentucky 4-H Dairy Jeopardy (offered March each year) 

Kentucky 4-H Dairy Judging (offered each year) 

Kentucky 4-H Cow Camp (offered each year) 

Kentucky 4-H Dairy Shows (offered each year)

Audience: Youth

Project or Activity: Kentucky 4-H Dog Program

Content or Curriculum: Kentucky Dog Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Ohio State University (OSU) Dog Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Dog Project and Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Dog Learning Lab Kit, National 4-H Dog Curriculum Levels 1-3 and Helper’s Guide, American Kennel Club Website, Kentucky 4-H Dog Program Rule Book, Kentucky 4-H Dog Program Overview

Inputs: 4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.?? 

Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).? 

Accredited volunteers in agriculture.? 

Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.? 

Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.? 

Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.? 

Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.? 

Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.?? 

External stakeholder engagement and support, such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.???

Date(s):

Kentucky 4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31) 

Kentucky 4-H Dog Skillathon (offered each August) 

Kentucky 4-H Dog Show (offered each August) 

Kentucky 4-H Dog Bowl (offered each August)

Audience: Youth

Project or Activity: Equine

Content or Curriculum: Ohio State University (OSU) Horse Learning Lab Kit, Kentucky Horse Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Horse Reference Manual (Alberta 4-H), 4-H Horse Academy, Kentucky 4-H Horse Website

Inputs: 4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.?? 

Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).? 

Accredited volunteers in agriculture.? 

Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.? 

Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.? 

Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.? 

Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.? 

Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.?? 

External stakeholder engagement and support, such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.??

Date(s):  

Kentucky 4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31) 

Kentucky 4-H Horse Contest (offered June each year) 

Kentucky 4-H Horse Show (offered August each year)

Audience: Youth

Project or Activity: Kentucky 4-H Poultry Program

Content or Curriculum: Pullet Project Guide (university of Kentucky), National 4-H Poultry Judging Manual published by Nebraska Cooperative Extension Service, Evaluating Egg Laying Hens (University of Kentucky), Standards for Scoring Placing Classes (University of Kentucky), Kentucky 4-H Poultry: Giving Oral Reasons (University of Kentucky), Notesheet for Poultry Reasons (University of Kentucky), Criteria for Evaluating Oral Reasons (University of Kentucky), Kentucky 4-H Poultry: Grading RTC Poultry (University of Kentucky), Kentucky 4-H Poultry: Grading Eggs (University of Kentucky), Examples of Different Grades of Broken Out Eggs (University of Kentucky)

Inputs: 4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.?? 

Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).? 

Accredited volunteers in agriculture.? 

Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.? 

Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.? 

Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.? 

Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.? 

Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.?? 

External stakeholder engagement and support such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.??

Date(s):

Kentucky 4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31) 

Kentucky 4-H Poultry Showmanship (offered Kentucky State Fair - August each year) 

Kentucky 4-H Avian Bowl (offered Kentucky State Fair - August each year) 

Kentucky 4-H Poultry Judging (offered Kentucky State Fair - August each year)

Audience: Youth

Project or Activity: Kentucky 4-H Rabbit Program

Content or Curriculum: Ohio State University (OSU) Rabbit Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Rabbit Project Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Rabbit Learning Lab Kit, National 4-H Rabbit Curriculum Levels 1-3 and Helper’s Guide, American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA) Standard of Perfection, Kentucky 4-H Rabbit Program Guide and Rule Book, 4-H Rabbit Program Overview

Inputs: 4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.?? 

Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).? 

Accredited volunteers in agriculture.? 

Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.? 

Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.? 

Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.? 

Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.? 

Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.?? 

External stakeholder engagement and support, such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.?

Date(s):    

Kentucky 4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31) 

Kentucky 4-H Rabbit Show (offered Kentucky State Fair - August each year)

Audience: Youth

Project or Activity: Kentucky 4-H Country Ham Program

Content or Curriculum: Kentucky Animal Science Livestock Discovery Website, Kentucky Livestock Volunteer Certification Curriculum, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Resource Handbook, Ohio State University (OSU) Livestock Project and Record Book, Ohio State University (OSU) Learning Lab Kits, National 4-H Project Books and Helper’s Guide, Country Ham Meat Lesson Kit (University of Kentucky)

Inputs: 4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.?? 

Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).? 

Accredited volunteers in agriculture.? 

Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.? 

Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.? 

Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.? 

Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.? 

Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.?? 

External stakeholder engagement and support, such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.??

Date(s): 

4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31) 

Kentucky 4-H Country Ham Contest (offered Kentucky State Fair - August each year)

Audience: 4-H Youth Club members

Project or Activity: County Fair

Content or Curriculum: University of Kentucky Extension Resources and/or curriculum; monthly meetings/educational clinics/livestock and horse, and dog shows throughout the year

Inputs: Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service (CES) agents, program assistants, specialists, and volunteers, Boyd County Fair Board, and volunteers

Date(s): Annually in late Summer

Audience: 4-H Youth Club Members

Project or Activity: Chick Hatching

Content or Curriculum: University of Kentucky Extension Resources and/or curriculum

Inputs: Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service (CES) agents, program assistants, specialists, and volunteers, local schools, and teachers

Date(s): Spring 2025; Spring 2026

Audience: Youth

Project or Activity: General Agricultural Short Term Programs (School Enrichment, 4-H Camp, etc.)

Content or Curriculum: Any 4-H Curriculum 

Kentucky Ag and Environment in the Classroom, Inc. (KyAEC) https://www.teachkyag.org/ 

Kentucky Food and Farm Facts https://www.kyfoodandfarm.info/  

Kids Sonder: Agriculture Unboxed https://www.mommassonder.com/  

National Ag Day https://www.agday.org/  

National Ag and Environment in the Classroom https://agclassroom.org/

Inputs:  4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.?? 

Certified volunteers in animal sciences (livestock, horse, poultry, rabbit, and dog).? 

Accredited volunteers in agriculture.? 

Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.? 

Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.? 

Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.? 

Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.? 

Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.?? 

External stakeholder engagement and support, such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.??

Date(s): 4-H Program Year (September 1-August 31)

Plant Production and Management

Audience: Pesticide applicators

Project or Activity: PSEP certification for private applicators and continuing education for commercial applicators

Content or Curriculum: Educational materials and program delivery

Inputs:  Extension Specialists, Kentucky Horticulture Council, USDA Guidelines

Date(s): Winter/early spring 2026

Audience: Agricultural producers and the public

Project or Activity: Pest and disease identification

Content or Curriculum: Clinical diagnoses and training

Inputs: Diagnostic labs and services

Date(s): Ongoing  

Audience: Specialty crop growers

Project or Activity: Programming for specialty crop production and management

Content or Curriculum: Publications, Fact Sheets, Workshops, Field Days, County Meetings, Regional Meetings, Field Visits, emails, and phone calls

Inputs: Extension Specialists, Kentucky Horticulture Council, USDA funding, Dept of Labor funding, county agents, KDA, professional member organizations

Date(s): Ongoing    

Audience: Homeowners and Consumers

Project or Activity: Programming for home gardening and landscape management

Content or Curriculum: Publications, Fact Sheets, Workshops, County Meetings, Regional Meetings, emails, and phone calls

Inputs: Extension Specialists, USDA funding, county agents, KDA, Kentucky Extension Master Gardener Program

Date(s): Ongoing     

Audience: Agricultural stakeholders (producers, industry, others)

Project or Activity: Disease identification and management of horticulture and specialty crops. Crops include tree and berry fruits, hemp, field and high tunnel vegetables, greenhouse floriculture, landscapes and urban forests, and home horticulture

Content or Curriculum: Publications, Live and virtual trainings, online videos, workshops, field days, county meetings, regional and national meetings, field visits, emails, and phone calls

Inputs: UK Plant Pathology Extension Specialists, research,h and extension funding

Date(s): Annual

Audience: Agricultural producers and the public

Project or Activity: Pest and disease identification

Content or Curriculum: Clinical diagnoses and training

Inputs: PSS extension specialists’ assistance to diagnostic labs, diagnostic services

Date(s): Frequently throughout the year

Audience: Forage and livestock producers

Project or Activity: Grazing Schools, Fencing Schools, Statewide Grazing Conferences, Statewide Hay and Stored Forage Conferences, Regional Forage Tours, Novel Endophyte Workshops

Content or Curriculum: Educational materials include proceedings, manuals, hands-on activities, demonstrations, and online materials, including webpages, social media, and videos.

Inputs: UK Forage Extension Specialists (2), UK Master Grazer Coordinator (1), UK Master Grazer Interns (2), UK Forage Technicians and Research Associates (4)

Date(s): Programs are provided one or more times annually at multiple locations throughout Kentucky

Audience: Agricultural stakeholders (farmers, certified crop advisors, industry, others)

Project or Activity: Weed identification and management of grain and forage crops. Grain crops include corn, sorghum, soybeans, small grains, and canola.

Content or Curriculum: Publications, Live and virtual trainings, online videos, workshops, field days, county meetings, regional and national meetings, field visits, emails, and phone calls

Inputs: UK Weed Science Extension Specialists, research,h and extension funding

Date(s): Annual

Audience: Federal Prison Inmates

Project or Activity: Master Gardener Program

Content or Curriculum: State Master Gardener Curriculum

Inputs: County Extension Agents, Extension Specialists, OH and WV Extension Agents, Local specialists, county master gardeners

Date(s): Spring

Audience: Homeowners and Local Community 

Project or Activity: WSAZ Home and Garden Show

Content or Curriculum: Extension Publications and Programs

Inputs: County Extension Agents, Extension Specialists, OH and WV extension agents, local specialists, Boyd County Master Gardeners

Date(s): Annually-Spring 

Audience: Local Producers/Home Gardeners

Project or Activity: Garden Shed Herb Day

Content or Curriculum: Extension Publications, National Herb Society

Inputs: County Extension Agents, KDA, New Corp Opportunities, Local Producers, Extension Specialists

Date(s): Annually (Spring)

Audience: Adults, Youth

Project or Activity: Holiday Wreath Program

Content or Curriculum: Using Native Plants, Evergreen ID, UK Forestry, UK Horticulture

Inputs: County Extension Agents, Extension Volunteers, 4-H

Date(s): Annually (Nov-Dec)

Audience: Youth

Project or Activity: School Gardens

Content or Curriculum: National and State-Level Research-Based, Vetted Publications, Curricula, and Educational Resources (e.g., Junior Master Gardener, National 4-H Gardening Series

Inputs: County Extension Agents, Extension Volunteers, 4-H Staff, school staff, and faculty

Date(s): 4-H Program Year (September 1 – August 31)

Audience: Youth

Project or Activity: School Apiary, beekeepers

Content or Curriculum: Bee Ambassadors' curriculum as a reference

Inputs: County Agents, Extension specialists, Extension volunteers, 4-H staff, school staff, and faculty

Date(s): Spring/Summer/Fall

Audience: Adults, Youth

Project or Activity: Monthly Beekeepers Meetings

Content or Curriculum: Extension publications, Beekeepers newsletters, Extension YouTube videos

Inputs: County Agents, Extension Specialists, local beekeepers

Date(s): Monthly 2025-2026

Audience: County Farmers

Project or Activity: KY Ag Water Quality Training and certification

Content or Curriculum: KY Ag Water Quality Certification materials

Inputs: County Conservation Office personnel, AG Water Quality materials, and Facilities to offer training in

Date(s): Fall 2025- Winter/spring 2026 as needed

Audience: County Farmers

Project or Activity: CAIP Informational Meetings

Content or Curriculum: CAIP information from the KOAP website and Administrator training

Input: Facilities to hold meetings, agent, and county administrator; PowerPoint developed by County Extension agents

Date(s): When a new round of CAIP is offered, per county administrator

Audience: Forage Producers

Project or Activity: Annual Eastern Kentucky Hay Testing Program and Contest

Content or Curriculum: Understanding Hay Test Results publication

Inputs: Agent taking samples, state specialists, UK testing for free

Date(s): Fall 2025

Audience: Boyd County Farmers

Project or Activity: Free soil testing with test being paid for by Conservation and Farm Bureau; increased number sponsored from 100 to 150 starting in 2024, up to 3 free per county resident

Content or Curriculum: Understanding soil test results publication, personal contact, and understanding recommendations derived from soil test results

Inputs: County Extension Agent, Extension Office, Conservation Offic,e and County Farm Bureau (split costs)

Date(s): Begins Jan.1 each year, until 100 have been tested

Audience: Landowners, Farmers, and Producers

Project or Activity: Demonstration plots on various forage and cover crop options

Content or Curriculum: Production examples of various species selected

Inputs: Seed, Cooperators, Extension agents, specialists, Extension-owned property

Date(s): Fall 2025- spring 2026

Audience: Youth

Project or Activity: 4-H Plant and Soil Science Programs (e.g., 4-H Land Judging Contest, 4-H Homesite Evaluation Contest, 4-H Horticulture Contest)

Content or Curriculum: National and State-Level Research-Based, Vetted Publications, Curricula, and Educational Resources (e.g., Land Judging and Homesite Evaluation Publication, National Junior Horticulture Association Contest Manual)?

Inputs: 4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.???

Accredited volunteers in agriculture.??

Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.??

Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.??

Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.??

Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.??

Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.???

External stakeholder engagement and support, such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.?

Date(s): 4-H Program Year (September 1 – August 31)

Audience: Youth

Project or Activity: 4-H Plant and Soil Science Projects?(e.g., fair displays and exhibit entries)

Content or Curriculum: National and State-Level Research-Based, Vetted Publications, Curricula, and Educational Resources (e.g., Junior Master Gardener, National 4-H Gardening Series, 4-H State Fair Exhibit Factsheets, Extension Publications)?

Inputs: 4-H programs in agriculture in which youth experience a sense of belonging, developmental relationships, explore their spark, and are actively engaged in opportunities that are meaningful.???

Accredited volunteers in agriculture.??

Research base of the Cooperative Extension Land-grant system.??

Funding opportunities from the Kentucky 4-H Foundation, Inc.??

Funding from local, state, and federal sources, and grants.??

Engagement of volunteers and youth in delivering the programs and leading clubs.??

Engagement of communities in identifying and implementing programming based on meeting local needs.???

External stakeholder engagement and support, such as commodity groups and agriculturalist organizations.

Date(s): 4-H Program Year (September 1 – August 31)

Evaluation:

Animal Production and Management

Outcome: Increased awareness of beef cattle quality assurance and care practices

Indicator: Number of participants who obtained BQCA certifications

Method: Post-program test

Timeline: After program participation or online

Outcome: Increased knowledge and/or awareness of management practices to improve cattle production efficiency

Indicator: Number of participants who reported an increase in their knowledge and/or awareness of management practices for improving cattle production efficiency.

Method: Survey  

Timeline: At the program

Outcome: Implementation or utilization of knowledge gained to make changes in the management of the beef operation.

Indicator: Number of participants who reported making a change to improve their beef cattle management practices.

Method: Survey (post program) or records from individual consultations

Timeline: 6-12 months after the program

Outcome: Increased Horse Management Knowledge

Indicators: 

The number of horse owners using Body Condition scoring to manage their horses. 

The number of horse owners is changing practices to reduce feed waste. 

Number of horse owners using hay selection and use based on forage testing evaluation

Method: Evaluation results and/or records from individual consultations

Timeline: Ongoing

Outcome: Increased understanding of the horse industry  

Indicators:

Number of agent-led horse programing to their county programs. 

Number of agents supporting Pastures Please and Farm and Facility Expo in their area.

Method: Evaluation results and/or records from individual consultations

Timeline: Ongoing

Outcome: Understanding of equine farm and facility sustainable management  

Indicators: 

Number of participants implementing mud management practices. 

Number of participants using temporary fences for grazing systems for horses.

Method: Evaluation results and records from individual consultations  

Timeline: Ongoing

Outcome: Increased livestock marketing knowledge 

Indicators: 

Number of participants who report increasing their knowledge of livestock marketing. 

Number of individuals who implemented small ruminant financial management programs.

Method: Program evaluation tools/ surveys

Timeline: Ongoing

Outcome: Increased livestock management knowledge

Indicator: Number of livestock producers indicating increased understanding of farm management.

Method: Program evaluation tools/surveys

Timeline: Ongoing

Outcome: Increased awareness of and use of safe/effective pesticide application methods

Indicators: 

Number of certified applicators earning continuing education credit. 

Number of participants reporting an increase in knowledge on integrated pest management techniques.  

Number of participants reporting an increase in their use of risk mitigation strategies for pesticide application.  

Method: Surveys at CEU events

Timeline: Ongoing 

Outcome: Increased knowledge and awareness of management practices to improve poultry production efficiency and food safety

Indicators: 

Number of participants indicating an increase in knowledge and/or awareness of poultry production 

Number of participants who demonstrated/reported improved eggs and/or poultry cooking skills.

Number of participants who increased their knowledge of the equipment and methods used in meat processing.

Number of participants who reported an increase in knowledge of animal harvesting and carcass fabrication skills.

Number of participants who reported an increased knowledge of egg and/or poultry food safety practices.

Number of participants indicating an increase in knowledge and/or awareness of poultry production.

Number of participants reporting an increase in knowledge on integrated pest management techniques.

Method: Survey

Timeline: At the program

Youth

Outcome: Short-term

Indicators: 

Number of youth who reported that they have realized the impact animal production has in daily life. 

Number of youth who reported that they have an interest in animal production. 

Number of youth who reported that they have identified at least one job/career in animal production and management that fits their interest.   

Number of youth who reported that they understand animal production concepts and ideas.

Number of adults in the county 4-H country ham program.

Method: Survey

Timeline: Immediate Post Program

Outcome: Medium-term

Indicators: 

Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and/or skills gained in agriculture to make informed decisions. 

Number of youth who reported that they have taken steps to pursue gaining more knowledge for a job in animal production based on their interests.  

Number of youth who reported that they used knowledge and/or skills gained in animal production to complete a project. 

Number of youth who reported that they adopted/applied one or more animal production practices. 

Method: Survey

Timeline: 1+ years

Outcome: Long-term

Indicator: Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study. 

Method: Survey

Timeline: 1+ years

Plant Production and Management

Outcome: Improved production practices

Indicators:  

Number of commercial participants who reported improving their plant production or management practices.

Number of consumer participants who reported improving their plant production or management practices.

Method: Program evaluation tool/survey or records from individual consultations.

Timeline:  After program participation.

Outcome: Stakeholders have the knowledge and tools needed to better protect crops from diseases and understand the benefits of adopting best disease management practices and resistance mitigation. Stakeholders are more aware of UK plant pathology research

Indicator: Number of stakeholders who reported increased knowledge of research-based disease identification and management practices for crops grown in Kentucky and/or share that information with other stakeholders.

Method: Primarily surveys, records from consultations

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Early identification of potential disease outbreaks

Indicators:  

Number of stakeholders contacted the Extension Office for help with disease identification and management.

 Number of plant samples submitted to the PDDL.

Method: Sample diagnosis through the PDDL, direct communication with Extension Specialists

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Improved production practices and economic return of production inputs

Indicator: Number of participants who report increased economic return from improved production practices recommended in Plant Production and Management-related Extension programs.

Method: Surveys, participant feedback, CES agent feedback

Timeline: Frequently to annual

Outcome: Improved production practices

Indicator: Number of producers who reported increased knowledge of crop and forage production, fertility management, varieties, pest control, and/or sustainable practices.

Method: Surveys

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Identification of diseases and abiotic problems in crops and forages

Indicator: Number of plant diagnoses made annually, with diagnosis and recommendation reports sent to the ANR agent and grower.

Method: ANR agent feedback, grower feedback

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Improving forage and livestock management

Indicator: Number of participants that indicate a high likelihood of implementation of improved forage and livestock management practices.

Method: Schools, workshops, conferences, and field days.  Information from these events will also be pushed out through the KY Forages YouTube Channel and the Master Grazer Facebook page

Timeline: Programs are provided one or more times annually at multiple locations throughout Kentucky

Outcome: Stakeholders have knowledge and tools needed to better protect crops from weeds and understand the benefits of adopting the best management practices for weed and resistance mitigation. Stakeholders are more aware of UK weed science research

Indicator: Number of stakeholders who reported increased knowledge of research-based weed identification and/or weed management practices for crops grown in Kentucky.

Method: Primarily surveys, consultations

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Increased crop management knowledge and skills?

Indicators: 

Number of participants who increased their knowledge of risk management tools. 

 Number of participants who increased their use of risk management tools. 

 Number of participants who reported increased knowledge of plant production and/or management practices.

Number of participants who reported reducing their inputs or costs in their plant production

Number of participants who reported increased efficiency in their plant production and/or management

Method: Attendance and program evaluations/surveys

Timeline: Ongoing?

Outcome: Increased Home Horticulture knowledge

Indicators: 

Number of home or community gardeners who reported that they implemented environmental stewardship (pollinator gardens, rain catchment, etc.)

Number of non-commercial growers who reported adoption of improved management practices (soil sampling, reduced pesticide applications, integrated pest management, etc.)

Number of community members using or participating in public or community gardens

 Amount of produce donated from community gardens

Method: Attendance and program evaluations/surveys

Timeline: Ongoing 

Outcome: Increasing knowledge for commercial and non-commercial home gardeners. 

Indicator: Number of commercial growers who reported improved specialty crop production and/or management practices.

Number of non-commercial home gardeners who reported improved planting and/or management practices.

Method: Attendance and program evaluations/surveys

Timeline: Ongoing 

Youth

Outcome:Short-Term

Indicators: 

Number of youth who reported increased understanding of the impact (or role) of plant production in their daily lives.

Number of youth who reported an increased interest in plant production and management. 

Number of youth who reported that they understand plant production concepts and ideas.

Number of youth who reported that they have identified at least one job/career in plant production and management that fits their interest

Method: Survey

Timeline: Administered immediately following the program/activity

Outcome: Medium-Term

Indicators:

Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and skills gained in plant production to make informed decisions. 

Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and/or skills gained in plant production to complete a  project.

Number of youth who reported that they have taken steps to pursue gaining more knowledge for a job in plant production based on their interests.

Method: Survey

Timeline: Administered at the end of the program year/club year

Outcome: Long Term

Indicator:  Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study.

Method: Survey

Timeline: End of program year or several years.