Bullitt County CES

County Emphasis:

Natural Resources & the Environment

Concentration 1:

Animal Production and Management

Concentration 2:

Plant Production and Management

Concentration 3:

Sustainability, Natural Resources and Wildlife Management, and Environment

Situation:

State Situation for Animal Production and Management; 

Kentucky’s animal production and management strategies encompass sustainable practices, health-focused care, and economic viability across all species thus contributing significantly to the state’s agricultural landscape. Beef cattle play a crucial role in converting Kentucky’s vast 7 million acres of pasture and forage into valuable products. CES focuses on sustainable grazing practices and ensuring optimal use of natural resources like land and water.

Kentucky is renowned as the Horse Capital of the World and is home to a diverse equine population. Kentucky farmers maintain the largest beef herd east of the Mississippi River, with many landowners raising cattle on small farms. Many commercial swine farms operate in the state, focusing on efficient growth and high-quality pork. Swine farmers implement strict biosecurity protocols to prevent disease transmission and minimize stress. Kentucky’s small ruminant producers raise various sheep and goat breeds for meat, fiber, and dairy purposes. Small ruminants thrive on pasture-based systems, utilizing natural forage with a priority on health management, including vaccinations, parasite control, and nutrition.

Poultry is the number one agricultural industry in the state, contributing significantly to the economy. The poultry sector contains thriving broiler industry for meat production and laying hens for egg production. Many small flock owners raise chickens for personal consumption or local markets. Implementing conservation practices that protect soil and water resources will ensure the long-term sustainability of Kentucky farmland and improve resilience to climate variability.

To meet the needs of Kentucky animal producers UK CES will create or expand its efforts to offer need-based education and producer-focused programming for all species. Current/future activities include introducing programs to address and improve specific management systems and introduce new and emerging techniques, technology, and production systems for increased efficiency and profitability.

Youth Focus

Kentucky’s youth should have access to education and life-skills in animal production and management. According to the 2022 U.S. Census of Agriculture, Kentucky has seen a decline in the number of farms and agricultural land, alongside a slight increase in the average age of producers and farm size. Successful operation of farms and ranches requires business skills, ongoing training and education, and safety awareness (USDA, 2024). The University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service Community Needs Assessment (2023) highlights key agricultural priorities, including youth life skill training, workforce readiness, access to affordable and nutritious food, support for the local agriculture industry, and promoting agricultural literacy among youth. 4-H projects in animal production and management can help young people develop life skills, learn about responsibility, and gain content knowledge about animals through breeding or market projects.

State Situation for Plant Production and Management; 

Optimizing plant, crop and forage production is paramount as Kentucky producers navigate the challenges of economics, climate variability, and evolving consumer demands. Key challenges and strategies to enhance sustainable practices across various agricultural domains include:  rising input costs (seeds, fertilizers, machinery), crop price fluctuations, knowledge of soil health, and water management to produce high yielding crops for long-term productivity.

Producers use data-driven approaches for efficient resource utilization while exploring new crop varieties for pest resistance and yield improvement. As technology advances, producers will need to adopt remote sensing technologies to monitor soil health, moisture, and other parameters to increase efficiency. Implementing conservation practices that protect soil and water resources will ensure the long-term sustainability of Kentucky farmland and improve resilience to climate variability.

Current and continuing practices involve cover crops to reduce erosion resulting in enhanced soil health as well as rotating crops to break pest cycles, improve soil fertility, and reduce disease pressure. Extension programming will encourage diverse crops and horticulture species to reduce risk and explore specialty crops, such as berries, herbs, and ornamental plants. Extension Specialists continue to educate farmers on forage species selection for hay production and livestock nutrition, advise on implementing integrated pest management and organic production practices (to minimize chemical inputs while still effectively managing pests), select climate-adapted crop varieties, and prepare for extreme weather events through adaptation and disaster readiness programs.

To meet the needs of producers, agents and specialists will continue to disseminate research-based information, offer workshops, field days, online resources, support local farmer’s markets, community gardens, community supported agriculture, and urban horticulture initiatives.

Youth Focus

Educating youth about plant production and soil science is crucial for the future of agriculture, empowering them to innovate and address current and future agricultural challenges. The National 4-H Council’s 2024 Index Survey revealed that 83% of youth enjoy science, 66% view it as a tool for problem-solving, and 62% are interested in science-related careers. The 2022 U.S. Census of Agriculture highlights trends in Kentucky, such as a decrease in the number of farms, reduced agricultural land, an aging producer population, and larger farm sizes. Key priority issues identified by the University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension System Community Needs Assessment (2023) include youth life skill training opportunities, youth workforce readiness, access to affordable, nutritious food, support for the local agriculture industry, and promoting youth agriculture literacy. 4-H projects in plant production and soil science can help young people develop life skills, learn responsibility, and gain knowledge about these fields through horticulture, plant science, and soil science projects and programs.

State Situation for Sustainability, Natural Resources and Wildlife Management, and Environment;

Ensuring the sustainability of Kentucky woodlands and natural resources, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, faces many challenges. Many landowners struggle to implement sustainable practices due to economic pressures, lack of access to technology, and workforce. The situation is exacerbated by development and the increasing demand for food, which often leads to the overuse of land and water resources, contributing to soil degradation, deforestation, and water scarcity.

Kentucky is blessed with a rich array of natural resources, including vast forests, abundant waterways, and wildlife. With woodlands in each of the 120 counties and forest industries in 110 counties, Kentuckians in both rural and urban areas all derive benefits from woodlands. Hardwood forests cover 50% of Kentucky and 473,000 individuals own 88% of the 12.4 million forested acres in the state. Forests stimulate the Kentucky economy through employment and production to the tune of $13 billion annually and there are over 28,000 jobs in Kentucky’s forest sector. Forests provide recreational opportunities and are a powerful tool in efforts to promote sustainability and support native diversity. Wildlife management programs assist landowners through both urban and rural wildlife management and damage control initiatives.

However, Kentucky’s forests and natural areas face growing risks. Threats from climate change are increasing as evidenced by some of the warmest and wettest years on record during the past decade and Kentucky is ranked as the ninth most vulnerable state in the country by long-term climate change impacts. Extreme weather events, such as the December 2021 tornado in Western Kentucky and the 2022 flooding in Eastern Kentucky are becoming more frequent and severe. In addition, a wide range of invasive species (including insects, pathogens, animals, and plants) can cause problems in woodlands, forests and other natural areas, threatening management and long-term sustainability.

Kentucky’s Extension remains committed to developing adaptive management strategies for the critical issues facing the sustainability of farms, natural areas, and forests for today and in the future. Implementing soil and water conservation practices in both urban and rural watersheds is critical to the long-term sustainability of Kentucky’s natural resources. Residents and landowners will be encouraged to appreciate and care for the land around them as they learn about birdwatching, maple syrup production, mushroom cultivation, mindfulness in the forest, and more.

Youth Focus -  Sustainability, Natural Resources and Wildlife Management, and Environment;

Educating youth about natural resources and environmental sciences is crucial for our future, as it empowers them to become proactive stewards of our planet. The Kentucky 4-H Youth Development Program aims to boost environmental literacy among youth, addressing a significant gap in environmental knowledge revealed by surveys from the Kentucky Environmental Education Council. America’s prosperity is inseparably linked to the health of our environment. A healthy environment is an essential component of the quality of life of humans and all living organisms (USDA, 2024). Optimistically, the National 4-H Council’s 2024 Index Survey found that 83% of youth enjoy science, 66% see it as a problem-solving tool, and 62% are interested in science-related careers. The University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension System’s 2023 assessment identified key priorities such as youth life skill training, workforce readiness, and promoting natural resource literacy. Through 4-H projects in natural resources and environmental sciences, young people develop life skills, learn responsibility, and gain knowledge about sustaining our natural resources through various projects and programs.

County Situation:

Long-Term Outcomes:

Adult - Animal Production and Management

Increase the quality and number of animals produced annually contributing to the increased and more stable financial position for producers.

Increase the use of sustainable management practices across all production methods and species.

Producers are routinely implementing guidelines and recommendations for efficient and financially sound production demonstrating sustainable behavior change.

Producers are implementing new technology and production practices.

Improve the quality of life of animals and humans.

Producers are routinely following Beef Quality Care & Assurance standards to produce healthy and high-quality beef. 

Youth - Animal Production and Management

Youth will make informed decisions regarding agricultural products and services.

Youth will advocate for agriculture and sustainable fiber and food production in their communities.

Youth will be life and work ready, contributing to the agricultural community as consumers, leaders, and innovators.

Adult - Plant Production and Management

Achieve long-term sustainability and resilience through the widespread adoption of practices that enhance soil productivity, conserve water, and optimize resource use, leading to resilient agricultural systems capable of withstanding economic and environmental fluctuations.

Strengthen local economies through improved farm sustainability and profitability, which are economic multipliers in local communities. Helping farm families successfully transition to subsequent generations. Helping new and beginning farmers enter farming operations.  

Strengthen local economies through the continuous support of farmer’s markets, community gardens, and community-supported agriculture programs that are well-integrated with urban horticulture initiatives.

Improved crop sustainability, increased farm profitability and reduced environmental impact using best disease management practices

Reduced unnecessary pesticide exposure to farmers, agribusiness and the general public

Increased farm productivity because of a reduction in yield and quality losses due to diseases

Increased competitiveness for U.S. farmers and the agricultural industry

Achieve long-term sustainability and resilience in agricultural practices through the widespread adoption of practices that enhance soil productivity, conserve water quality and quantity, and optimize resource use, leading to resilient agricultural systems capable of withstanding economic and environmental fluctuations.

Strengthening local economies through improved farm sustainability and profitability, which are economic multipliers in local communities. Helping farm families successfully transition to subsequent generations. Helping new and beginning farmers enter farming operations. Helping to maintain or increase domestic markets and increase export markets for grain crops and tobacco by improving quality of commodities compared to that of foreign competitors.  

Helping to educate turfgrass managers on how to maintain surfaces that meet the needs of their desired uses while improving economic and environmental benefits of turfgrasses.

Work with farmers and those interested in farming on generational succession in farms to improve sustainability of the farms for generations.

Develop and implement a comprehensive framework for disaster readiness and climate adaptation that includes advanced forecasting, crop selection, and management practices to prepare for extreme weather events.

Youth - Plant Production and Management

Youth will make informed decisions regarding agricultural products and services.

Youth will advocate for agriculture and sustainable fiber and food production in their communities.

Youth will be life and work ready, contributing to the agricultural community as consumers, leaders, and innovators.

Adult -  Sustainability, Natural Resources and Wildlife Management, and Environment;

Economic, social, physical, or environmental situations that will change because individuals or communities adopted new (or improved existing) actions, practices, and behaviors (these also take time to mature)). 

Forests ecosystem and economic values are enhanced, resulting in healthier forests, improved water quality, and increased revenue

Wildlife habitat is increased and improved. 

The sustainability of agricultural and forestry operations is increased and opportunities for further growth are improved.

 

Youth -  Sustainability, Natural Resources and Wildlife Management, and Environment;

Youth will advocate for natural resources in their communities. 

Youth will be life and work ready, contributing to the natural resources community as consumers, leaders, and innovators.

Youth actively adopt and apply advanced natural resources practices, demonstrating a growing commitment to the natural resources community.

Intermediate Outcomes:

Adult - Animal Production and Management

Annually implement strategies and production methods that result in increased efficiency, and number of animals produced /maintained, and animals harvested.

Increased biosecurity strategies that promote both animal and human health related behaviors for a safe food system. 

Increase or strengthen partnerships or relationships with commodity groups to address sustainable management strategies, health-focused care, and economic viability for all livestock.

Annually evaluate how producers care for and manage their horses using cost effective strategies. 

Youth - Animal Production and Management

Youth will practice skills gained from 4-H agricultural projects and clubs.

Youth will communicate agricultural ideas and concepts more effectively.

Youth actively adopt and apply advanced agricultural practices, demonstrating a growing commitment to the agricultural community.

Adult - Plant Production and Management

Continue development and dissemination of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices by specialists and agents to educate producers and promote IPM practices and/or organic practices that reduce chemical inputs while maintaining crop health and productivity.

Expansion of Extension programming by broadening the scope of extension services to include more comprehensive support for agronomic and horticultural crops and forages suited to Kentucky's changing climate and soil conditions.

Explore the use of emerging production technologies to achieve increased adoption of technologies such as monitoring crop productivity, crop quality, soil health, and soil moisture levels across Kentucky's agricultural sectors.

Adoption of improved pesticide safety practices

Increased adoption of effective crop protection (i.e. IPM) methods by stakeholders to manage diseases

Increased number of stakeholders who scout for diseases, monitor disease risk factors, and use research-based information

Early identification of potential disease outbreaks and awareness of disease trends

Judicious use of pesticide-based disease management

Expansion of Extension programming by broadening the scope of extension services to include more comprehensive support for grain crops, forages, tobacco, hemp, and turfgrass suited to Kentucky's changing climate and soil conditions.

Explore the use of emerging production technologies to achieve increased adoption of technologies for such things as monitoring crop productivity, crop quality, soil health and soil moisture levels across Kentucky's agricultural sectors.

Adoption of improved pesticide application practices.  Improve understanding and compliance with state pesticide applicator regulations.

Proper implementation of technologies to help farmers, crop consultants, and pesticide applicators monitor, document, plant, harvest, and manage crops and forages. Technologies can include, but are not limited to, global navigation systems, section controls, applicator maps, soil sampling maps, yield maps, unmanned aerial vehicles, genetic traits, data analysis, etc.

Youth - Plant Production and Management

Youth will practice skills gained from 4-H agricultural projects and clubs.

Youth will communicate agricultural ideas and concepts more effectively.

Youth actively adopt and apply advanced agricultural practices, demonstrating a growing commitment to the agricultural community.

Adult  -  Sustainability, Natural Resources and Wildlife Management, and Environment;

New or improved practices, behaviors, or choices that will occur in participants or communities because of the knowledge or awareness they gained from their contact with Extension (these are behavior change outcomes that are typically measured in follow-up evaluations because they require time to mature.) 

Actively install and use resource monitoring technology to assist in data-driven decision to monitor their forest’s health forest health, water resources, and land usage.  

Increase the number of Woodland owners that participate in economic incentives programs adopting sustainable forestry, water conservation, and soil management practices.  

Implement climate resilience strategies to withstand the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, sustainable water management, and adapting wildlife management to preserve biodiversity under changing climate conditions. 

Youth -  Sustainability, Natural Resources and Wildlife Management, and Environment;

Youth will take responsible action in natural resources conservation.

Youth will aspire to explore careers in natural resources and environmental sciences.

Youth will practice skills gained from 4-H natural resources projects and clubs.

Youth will communicate natural resources ideas and concepts more effectively.

Initial Outcomes:

Adult - Animal Production and Management

Increase knowledge about sustainable and economically viable management practices.

Increase skills related to efficient production methods across all species.

Increase confidence in implementing new and emerging techniques, technology, and production systems.

Increase confidence in making decisions related to promoting animal health-related behavior.

Increase intentions to employ financially sound behavior regarding production methods, use of financial tools, health-focused care, and the human-animal interaction.

Youth - Animal Production and Management

Youth will explore their spark in agriculture.

Youth will gain knowledge and develop skills in agriculture.

Youth will develop a greater awareness and appreciation for the impact of agriculture in their daily life.

Youth will expand life and work readiness skills in agriculture, gaining awareness of the diverse opportunities within the field of agriculture.

Adult - Plant Production and Management

Enhanced soil and water management programs by rolling out targeted extension programs that focus on soil health and water management techniques to immediately improve crop yield potentials.

Support for crop trials by initiating pilot projects that support the planting of diverse crops and horticultural species, such as vegetables, small fruit, tree fruit, herbs, and ornamental plants to assess short-term viability and consumer interest.

Initial and continuing education opportunities for certified pesticide applicators

Stakeholders have knowledge and tools needed to better protect crops from diseases and to understand the benefits of adopting best disease management practices and resistance mitigation

Stakeholders are more aware of current and new and/or emerging disease issues

Stakeholders have access to timely diagnostics to avoid or reduce the impact of disease outbreaks

Stakeholders are more aware of UK plant pathology research and resources

Facilitate trainings to provide necessary knowledge to support those desiring to obtain commercial and non-commercial applicator licenses and maintain CEUs from the Kentucky Department of Agriculture in the turf and ornamental category.

Assisting farmers who need to document specific climate objectives and/or management practices of grain and tobacco buyers.

Youth - Plant Production and Management

Youth will explore their spark in agriculture.

Youth will gain knowledge and develop skills in agriculture.

Youth will develop a greater awareness and appreciation for the impact of agriculture in their daily life.

Youth will expand life and work readiness skills in agriculture, gaining awareness of the diverse opportunities within the field of agriculture.

Adult -  Sustainability, Natural Resources and Wildlife Management, and Environment;

Increase the awareness of sustainable forest management practices, economic pressures and technological barriers facing woodland owners and other interested individuals.  

Increase knowledge and skills of individuals in both urban and rural settings to address immediate wildlife-related challenges and enhance biodiversity.  

Develop the skills and ability of Woodland owners and Ag producers to actively manage wildlife-related damage and nuisance. 

Develop emergency preparedness and response strategies focusing on preserving their Woodlands and mitigating immediate damage from events such as floods and tornadoes. 

Youth -  Sustainability, Natural Resources and Wildlife Management, and Environment;

Youth will explore their spark in natural resources.

Youth will gain knowledge and develop skills in natural resources and environmental sciences.

Youth will understand how their actions and choices impact natural resources and the environment.

Youth will set goals to become good stewards of natural resources.

Youth will expand life and work readiness skills, gaining awareness of the diverse opportunities within the field of natural resources.

Evaluation:

Adult

Outcome: Improved production practices

Indicator: Number of commercial participants who reported improving their plant production or management practices.

Number of consumer participants who reported improving their plant production or management practices.

Method: Program evaluation tool/survey or records from individual consultations.

Timeline: After program participation.

Outcome: Stakeholders have knowledge and tools needed to better protect crops from diseases and understand the benefits of adopting best disease management practices and resistance mitigation. Stakeholders are more aware of UK plant pathology research

Indicator: Number of stakeholders who reported increased knowledge of research-based disease identification and management practices for crops grown in Kentucky and/or share that information with other stakeholders.

Method: Primarily surveys, records from consultations

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Early identification of potential disease outbreaks

Indicator: Number of stakeholders contacting Extension for help with disease identification and management.

Number of plant samples submitted to the PDDL.

Method: Sample diagnosis through the PDDL, direct communication with Extension Specialists

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Improved production practices and economic return of production inputs

Indicator: Number of participants who report increased economic return from improved production practices recommended in Plant Production and Management-related Extension programs.

Method: Surveys, participant feedback, CES agent feedback

Timeline: Frequently to annual

Outcome: Improved production practices

Indicator: Number of producers who reported increased knowledge of crop and forage production, fertility management, varieties, pest control, and/or sustainable practices.

Method: Surveys

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Identification of diseases and abiotic problems in crops and forages

Indicator: Number of plant diagnoses made annually with diagnosis and recommendation reports sent to ANR agent and grower.

Method: ANR agent feedback, grower feedback

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Improved adoption of best management practices

Indicator: Number of turfgrass managers who reported that they gained knowledge of improved turfgrass management.

Method: Survey

Timeline: annual

Outcome: Improved adoption of best management practices and compliance with state regulations

Indicator: Number new applicator licenses awarded

Method: Survey and results from the KDA

Timeline: annual

Outcome: Improving forage and livestock management

Indicator: Number of participants that indicate high likelihood of implementation of improved forage and livestock management practices.

Method: Schools, workshops, conferences, and field days.  

Timeline: Programs are provided one or more times annually at multiple locations throughout Kentucky

Outcome: Stakeholders have knowledge and tools needed to better protect crops from weeds and understand the benefits of adopting best management practices for weed and resistance mitigation. Stakeholders are more aware of UK weed science research

Indicator: Number of stakeholders who reported increased knowledge of research-based weed identification and/or weed management practices for crops grown in Kentucky.

Method: Primarily surveys, consultations

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Increased crop management knowledge and skills

Indicator: Number of participants who increased their knowledge of risk management tools. 

Number of participants who increased their use of risk management tools. 

Number of participants who reported increased knowledge of plant production and/or management practices.

Number of participants who reported reducing their inputs or costs in their plant production

Number of participants who reported increased efficiency in their plant production and/or management

Method: Attendance and program evaluations / surveys

Timeline: Ongoing

Outcome: 

Indicator: Number of home or community gardeners who reported that they implemented environmental stewardship (pollinator gardens, rain catchment, etc.)

Number of non-commercial growers who reported adoption of improved management practices (soil sampling, reduced pesticide applications, integrated pest management, etc.)

Number of community members using or participating in public or community gardens

Amount of produce donated from community gardens

Method: Attendance and program evaluations / surveys

Timeline: Ongoing

Outcome: 

Indicator: Number of commercial growers who reported improved specialty crop production and/or management practices.

Number of non-commercial home gardeners who reported improved planting and/or management practices.

Method: Attendance and program evaluations / surveys

Timeline: Ongoing

Outcome: 

Indicator: Number of Master Gardener volunteers who completed training

Number of Master Gardener volunteer service hours

Number of clients engaged by Master Gardeners

Number of programs led by Master Gardeners

Method: Attendance and program evaluations / surveys

Timeline: Ongoing

Youth

Outcome: Short-Term

Indicator: Number of youth who reported increased understanding of the impact (or role) of plant production in their daily lives.

Number of youth who reported an increased interest in plant production and management. 

Number of youth who reported that they understand plant production concepts and ideas.

Number of youth who reported that they have identified at least one job/career in plant production and management that fits their interest

Method: Survey

Timeline: Administered immediately following program/activity

Outcome: Medium-Term

Indicator: Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and skills gained in plant production to make informed decisions. 

Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and/or skills gained in plant production to complete a  project.

Number of youth who reported that they have taken steps to pursue gaining more knowledge for a job in plant production based on their interests.

Method: Survey

Timeline: Administered at end of program year/club year

Outcome: Long Term

Indicator: Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study.

Method: Survey

Timeline: End of program year or several years.

Learning Opportunities:

Audience: Home owners and consumers

Project or Activity: Programming for home gardening and landscape management

Content or Curriculum: Publications, Fact Sheets, Workshops, County Meetings, Regional Meetings, emails and phone calls

Inputs: Extension Specialists, USDA funding, county agents, KDA, Kentucky Extension Master Gardener Progam

Date: July 2025-June 2026

Audience: Turfgrass managers, Public

Project or Activity: Turfgrass management including, but not limited to:  sod farms, golf courses, sports fields, parks, cemeteries, and lawns

Content or Curriculum: Publications, Fact Sheets, Workshops, Field Days, County Meetings, Regional meetings, field visits, emails and phone calls

Inputs: UK extension associates and specialist, industry professionals

Date: July 2025-June 2026

Audience: General public, adult 

Project or Activity: Master Naturalist Program 

Content or Curriculum: Master Naturalist Curriculum, range of speakers representing different topics and important agencies. 

Inputs: Developed in partnership with Ellen Crocker and Laurie Thomas. 

Dates:Jan 2026-Aug 2026

Audience: Adults 

Project or Activity: IPM and Pesticide Programs 

Content or Curriculum: Educational materials and program delivery 

Inputs: UK and subject matter Specialists 

Dates:July 2025-June 2026

Audience: General public 

Project or Activity: Pest and disease identification 

Content or Curriculum: Clinical diagnoses and trainings  

Inputs: Diagnostic labs and services 

Dates:

Audience: General Public

Project or Activity: Natural Resources Classes

Content or Curriculum: Extension classes on mushrooms, maple, birdwatching, wildlife, meadows, forest

Inputs: UK and subject matter specialists

Date: July 2025-June 2026

Audience: Livestock Producers

Project or Activity: Livestock Classes

Content or Curriculum: Extension publications for beef and small ruminants

Inputs: UK and KSU subject matter specialists

Date: July 2025-June 2026

Audience: Aspiring, Beginning, and Diversifying Farmers, Landowners, Market Gardeners

Project or Activity: Beginning Farmer Class Series

Content or Curriculum: Ongoing series with other counties

Inputs: UK and subject matter specialists

Date: July 2025-June 2026

Audience:

Project or Activity:

Content or Curriculum:

Inputs: UK and subject matter specialists

Date: July 2025-June 2026

Audience:

Project or Activity:

Content or Curriculum:

Inputs: UK and subject matter specialists

Date: July 2025-June 2026

Evaluation:

Adult

Outcome: Improved production practices

Indicator: Number of commercial participants who reported improving their plant production or management practices.

Number of consumer participants who reported improving their plant production or management practices.

Method: Program evaluation tool/survey or records from individual consultations.

Timeline: After program participation.

Outcome: Stakeholders have knowledge and tools needed to better protect crops from diseases and understand the benefits of adopting best disease management practices and resistance mitigation. Stakeholders are more aware of UK plant pathology research

Indicator: Number of stakeholders who reported increased knowledge of research-based disease identification and management practices for crops grown in Kentucky and/or share that information with other stakeholders.

Method: Primarily surveys, records from consultations

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Early identification of potential disease outbreaks

Indicator: Number of stakeholders contacting Extension for help with disease identification and management.

Number of plant samples submitted to the PDDL.

Method: Sample diagnosis through the PDDL, direct communication with Extension Specialists

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Improved production practices and economic return of production inputs

Indicator: Number of participants who report increased economic return from improved production practices recommended in Plant Production and Management-related Extension programs.

Method: Surveys, participant feedback, CES agent feedback

Timeline: Frequently to annual

Outcome: Improved production practices

Indicator: Number of producers who reported increased knowledge of crop and forage production, fertility management, varieties, pest control, and/or sustainable practices.

Method: Surveys

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Identification of diseases and abiotic problems in crops and forages

Indicator: Number of plant diagnoses made annually with diagnosis and recommendation reports sent to ANR agent and grower.

Method: ANR agent feedback, grower feedback

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Improved adoption of best management practices

Indicator: Number of turfgrass managers who reported that they gained knowledge of improved turfgrass management.

Method: Survey

Timeline: annual

Outcome: Improved adoption of best management practices and compliance with state regulations

Indicator: Number new applicator licenses awarded

Method: Survey and results from the KDA

Timeline: annual

Outcome: Improving forage and livestock management

Indicator: Number of participants that indicate high likelihood of implementation of improved forage and livestock management practices.

Method: Schools, workshops, conferences, and field days.  

Timeline: Programs are provided one or more times annually at multiple locations throughout Kentucky

Outcome: Stakeholders have knowledge and tools needed to better protect crops from weeds and understand the benefits of adopting best management practices for weed and resistance mitigation. Stakeholders are more aware of UK weed science research

Indicator: Number of stakeholders who reported increased knowledge of research-based weed identification and/or weed management practices for crops grown in Kentucky.

Method: Primarily surveys, consultations

Timeline: Annual

Outcome: Increased crop management knowledge and skills

Indicator: Number of participants who increased their knowledge of risk management tools. 

Number of participants who increased their use of risk management tools. 

Number of participants who reported increased knowledge of plant production and/or management practices.

Number of participants who reported reducing their inputs or costs in their plant production

Number of participants who reported increased efficiency in their plant production and/or management

Method: Attendance and program evaluations / surveys

Timeline: Ongoing

Outcome: 

Indicator: Number of home or community gardeners who reported that they implemented environmental stewardship (pollinator gardens, rain catchment, etc.)

Number of non-commercial growers who reported adoption of improved management practices (soil sampling, reduced pesticide applications, integrated pest management, etc.)

Number of community members using or participating in public or community gardens

Amount of produce donated from community gardens

Method: Attendance and program evaluations / surveys

Timeline: Ongoing

Outcome: 

Indicator: Number of commercial growers who reported improved specialty crop production and/or management practices.

Number of non-commercial home gardeners who reported improved planting and/or management practices.

Method: Attendance and program evaluations / surveys

Timeline: Ongoing

Outcome: 

Indicator: Number of Master Gardener volunteers who completed training

Number of Master Gardener volunteer service hours

Number of clients engaged by Master Gardeners

Number of programs led by Master Gardeners

Method: Attendance and program evaluations / surveys

Timeline: Ongoing

Youth

Outcome: Short-Term

Indicator: Number of youth who reported increased understanding of the impact (or role) of plant production in their daily lives.

Number of youth who reported an increased interest in plant production and management. 

Number of youth who reported that they understand plant production concepts and ideas.

Number of youth who reported that they have identified at least one job/career in plant production and management that fits their interest

Method: Survey

Timeline: Administered immediately following program/activity

Outcome: Medium-Term

Indicator: Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and skills gained in plant production to make informed decisions. 

Number of youth who reported that they have used the knowledge and/or skills gained in plant production to complete a  project.

Number of youth who reported that they have taken steps to pursue gaining more knowledge for a job in plant production based on their interests.

Method: Survey

Timeline: Administered at end of program year/club year

Outcome: Long Term

Indicator: Long-term evaluation will be conducted using the National 4-H Index Study.

Method: Survey

Timeline: End of program year or several years.