Casey County CES

County Emphasis:

Strengthening & Sustaining Local Agriculture

Concentration 1:

Small Farm Development

Concentration 2:

Sustainability, Natural Resources and Wildlife Management, and Environment

Concentration 3:

Animal Production and Management

Concentration 4:

Plant Production and Management

Situation:

Small farm development is a crucial aspect of the Kentucky agricultural sector, especially in the context of supporting rural economies and ensuring food security. The National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) defines a small farm as an operation with a gross cash farm income of $250,000 or less. These farms are typically family-owned and operated, and they represent more than 90 percent of farms in the U.S. These farms face challenges such as urbanization, an aging farmer population, farm consolidation, new and beginning farmers, and changing climate patterns.

Small farms play a vital role in the competitiveness and sustainability of rural and farm economies, protecting and enhancing natural resources and the environment, and maintaining rural populations. Urban small scale farm production is an emerging and fast grow segment of farm economies. The development and sustainability of small farms is important in providing a nursery for new enterprises and marketing systems, which is crucial for innovation and diversification in agriculture. Small farm development can be hindered by access to capital, markets, and technology. Additionally, owners of small farms may lack the knowledge or resources to implement sustainable practices that could improve their economic viability and environmental stewardship.

Kentucky Cooperative Extension will continue to aid small farm owners by providing educational opportunities and increasing awareness of resources offered through various programs and online platforms. This includes developing new and improved practices to reduce production costs, protect and improve soil and water resources, and offer options for specialty crop production. Extension personnel will also promote whole farm plans, estate planning, farm transitions, risk management, and market opportunities.

The development of small farms is imperative for the health of Kentucky’s agricultural sector, rural communities and emerge urban agriculture.

Ensuring the sustainability of Kentucky woodlands and natural resources, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, faces many challenges. Many landowners struggle to implement sustainable practices due to economic pressures, lack of access to technology, and workforce. The situation is exacerbated by development and the increasing demand for food, which often leads to the overuse of land and water resources, contributing to soil degradation, deforestation, and water scarcity.

Kentucky is blessed with a rich array of natural resources, including vast forests, abundant waterways, and wildlife. With woodlands in each of the 120 counties and forest industries in 110 counties, Kentuckians in both rural and urban areas all derive benefits from woodlands. Hardwood forests cover 50% of Kentucky and 473,000 individuals own 88% of the 12.4 million forested acres in the state. Forests stimulate the Kentucky economy through employment and production to the tune of $13 billion annually and there are over 28,000 jobs in Kentucky’s forest sector. Forests provide recreational opportunities and are a powerful tool in efforts to promote sustainability and support native diversity. Wildlife management programs assist landowners through both urban and rural wildlife management and damage control initiatives.

However, Kentucky’s forests and natural areas face growing risks. Threats from climate change are increasing as evidenced by some of the warmest and wettest years on record during the past decade and Kentucky is ranked as the ninth most vulnerable state in the country by long-term climate change impacts. Extreme weather events, such as the December 2021 tornado in Western Kentucky and the 2022 flooding in Eastern Kentucky are becoming more frequent and severe. In addition, a wide range of invasive species (including insects, pathogens, animals, and plants) can cause problems in woodlands, forests and other natural areas, threatening management and long-term sustainability.

Kentucky’s Extension remains committed to developing adaptive management strategies for the critical issues facing the sustainability of farms, natural areas, and forests for today and in the future. Implementing soil and water conservation practices in both urban and rural watersheds is critical to the long-term sustainability of Kentucky’s natural resources.

Youth Focus

Educating youth about natural resources and environmental sciences is crucial for our future, as it empowers them to become proactive stewards of our planet. The Kentucky 4-H Youth Development Program aims to boost environmental literacy among youth, addressing a significant gap in environmental knowledge revealed by surveys from the Kentucky Environmental Education Council. America’s prosperity is inseparably linked to the health of our environment. A healthy environment is an essential component of the quality of life of humans and all living organisms (USDA, 2024). Optimistically, the National 4-H Council’s 2024 Index Survey found that 83% of youth enjoy science, 66% see it as a problem-solving tool, and 62% are interested in science-related careers. The University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension System’s 2023 assessment identified key priorities such as youth life skill training, workforce readiness, and promoting natural resource literacy. Through 4-H projects in natural resources and environmental sciences, young people develop life skills, learn responsibility, and gain knowledge about sustaining our natural resources through various projects and programs.

Kentucky’s animal production and management strategies encompass sustainable practices, health-focused care, and economic viability across all species thus contributing significantly to the state’s agricultural landscape. Beef cattle play a crucial role in converting Kentucky’s vast 7 million acres of pasture and forage into valuable products. CES focuses on sustainable grazing practices and ensuring optimal use of natural resources like land and water.

Kentucky is renowned as the Horse Capital of the World and is home to a diverse equine population, including thoroughbreds, stock horses, standardbreds, and other breeds. Kentucky’s horse industry focuses on breeding excellence. Many commercial swine farms operate in the state, focusing on efficient growth and high-quality pork. Swine farmers implement strict biosecurity protocols to prevent disease transmission and minimize stress. Kentucky’s small ruminant producers raise various sheep and goat breeds for meat, fiber, and dairy purposes. Small ruminants thrive on pasture-based systems, utilizing natural forage with a priority on health management, including vaccinations, parasite control, and nutrition.

Poultry is the number one agricultural industry in the state, contributing significantly to the economy. The poultry sector contains thriving broiler industry for meat production and laying hens for egg production. Many small flock owners raise chickens for personal consumption or local markets. Implementing conservation practices that protect soil and water resources will ensure the long-term sustainability of Kentucky farmland and improve resilience to climate variability.

To meet the needs of Kentucky animal producers CES Extension will create or expand its efforts to offer need-based education and producer-focused programming for all species. Current/future activities include introducing programs to address and improve specific management systems and introduce new and emerging techniques, technology, and production systems for increased efficiency and profitability.

Youth Focus

Kentucky’s youth should have access to education and life-skills in animal production and management. According to the 2022 U.S. Census of Agriculture, Kentucky has seen a decline in the number of farms and agricultural land, alongside a slight increase in the average age of producers and farm size. Successful operation of farms and ranches requires business skills, ongoing training and education, and safety awareness (USDA, 2024). The University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service Community Needs Assessment (2023) highlights key agricultural priorities, including youth life skill training, workforce readiness, access to affordable and nutritious food, support for the local agriculture industry, and promoting agricultural literacy among youth. 4-H projects in animal production and management can help young people develop life skills, learn about responsibility, and gain content knowledge about animals through breeding or market projects.

County Situation:

Casey County, a predominantly rural area in Kentucky, is home to 975 farms covering 188,753 acres, making up 66.4% of the county’s total land area. The average farm size is 194 acres, and the market value of agricultural products sold is approximately $48.4 million annually, averaging $49,689 per farm. Most farms are family-operated, and only 35.6% of producers report farming as their primary occupation, indicating a need for supplemental income opportunities. Key crops include hay, soybeans, and corn, while livestock production is strong, with significant numbers of cattle, poultry, and sheep.

Despite robust agricultural activity, barriers persist in technology access, with 16% of households lacking a computer and 21.8% without internet access, impacting farm management and educational outreach. Additionally, the average age of farmers is 56, underscoring the need for youth engagement to ensure the future of local agriculture. Programs like 4-H can play a crucial role in fostering agricultural interest and skills among younger generations.

Economic development opportunities in Casey County include expanding agri-tourism, direct-to-consumer sales, and value-added products. The development of the Casey County Ag-Expo Center presents a key opportunity for community collaboration and agricultural promotion. Extension programming can address these needs through sustainable agriculture workshops, youth-focused initiatives, and efforts to enhance digital connectivity and economic diversification for local farms.

Long-Term Outcomes:

Adult

Increase the quality and number of animals or pounds of milk produced annually contributing to the increased and more stable financial position for producers. 

Increase the use of sustainable management practices across all production methods and species.

Producers are routinely implementing guidelines and recommendations for efficient and financially sound production demonstrating sustainable behavior change. 

Continually implementing new technology and production practices. 

Improve the quality of life of animals and humans.

Increase the quality of beef cattle produced annually contributing to increased and more stable financial position of cattle operations. 

Increase the use of sustainable management practices across all production methods leading to enhanced production efficiency and reductions in the carbon footprint. 

Producers are routinely following Beef Quality Care & Assurance standards to produce healthy and high-quality beef. 

Continually adoption of new technology and production practices.

Increase the use of sustainable management practices by horse owners. 

Horse owners will be encouraged to apply best management practices for the care and management of their horses to help control cost of ownership.  

Increase the quality of small ruminants annually contributing to increased and more stable financial position of small ruminant operations. 

Economic, social, physical, or environmental situations that will change because individuals or communities adopted new (or improved existing) actions, practices, and behaviors (these also take time to mature). 

Forests ecosystem and economic values are enhanced, resulting in healthier forests, improved water quality, and increased revenue 

Wildlife habitat is increased and improved. 

The sustainability of agricultural and forestry operations is increased and opportunities for further growth are improved. 

Achieve a stable economic environment where small farms are consistently profitable and competitive within both local and broader markets. 

Establish networks of urban farms that are integral to their local food systems, providing fresh produce and fostering urban-rural agricultural links. 

Strive to have all participating small farms fully implement sustainable practices that protect and enhance natural resources. 

Equip small farms to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of changing climate patterns, ensuring their sustainability and resilience. 

Enhance the role of small farms in maintaining rural populations and contributing to cultural heritage, ensuring that these communities remain vibrant and connected. 

Youth

Youth will advocate for natural resources in their communities. 

Youth will be life and work ready, contributing to the natural resources community as consumers, leaders, and innovators. 

Youth actively adopt and apply advanced natural resources practices, demonstrating a growing commitment to the natural resources community. 

Youth will make informed decisions regarding agricultural products and services. 

Youth will advocate for agriculture and sustainable fiber and food production in their communities. 

Youth will be life and work ready, contributing to the agricultural community as consumers, leaders, and innovators. 

Intermediate Outcomes:

Adult

New or improved practices, behaviors, or choices that will occur in participants or communities because of the knowledge or awareness they gained from their contact with Extension (these are behavior change outcomes that are typically measured in follow-up evaluations because they require time to mature.) 

Actively install and use resource monitoring technology to assist in data-driven decision to monitor their forest’s health forest health, water resources, and land usage. 

Increase the number of Woodland owners that participate in economic incentives programs adopting sustainable forestry, water conservation, and soil management practices.  

Implement climate resilience strategies to withstand the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, sustainable water management, and adapting wildlife management to preserve biodiversity under changing climate conditions. 

Assist small farm owners in developing and implementing comprehensive whole farm plans that address financial, production, and environmental aspects. 

Support the establishment of new farm enterprises that can offer innovative products and practices, enhancing the economic resilience of the small farm sector. 

Provide robust support for estate planning and farm transitions to ensure the longevity of small farms across generations. 

Develop and disseminate advanced risk management tools and insurance products tailored for the unique needs of small farms. 

Increase the accessibility of modern agricultural technologies to small farms, coupled with training programs that enable owners to effectively use these technologies. 

Annually implement strategies and production methods that result in increased efficiency, and number of animals produced /maintained, and animals harvested or pounds of milk produced. 

Increased biosecurity strategies that promote both animal and human health related behaviors for a safe food system. 

Increase or strengthen partnerships or relationships with commodity groups to address sustainable management strategies, health-focused care, and economic viability for all livestock. 

Annually evaluate how they care for and manage their horses using cost effective strategies. 

Consider how they can use good biosecurity practices to ensure the health of their horses.  

Youth

Youth will take responsible action in natural resources conservation. 

Youth will aspire to explore careers in natural resources and environmental sciences. 

Youth will practice skills gained from 4-H natural resources projects and clubs. 

Youth will communicate natural resources ideas and concepts more effectively.

Youth will practice skills gained from 4-H agricultural projects and clubs. 

Youth will communicate agricultural ideas and concepts more effectively. 

Youth actively adopt and apply advanced agricultural practices, demonstrating a growing commitment to the agricultural community. 

Initial Outcomes:

Adult

Increase the awareness of sustainable forest management practices, economic pressures and technological barriers facing woodland owners and other interested individuals.  

Increase knowledge and skills of individuals in both urban and rural settings to address immediate wildlife-related challenges and enhance biodiversity.  

Develop the skills and ability of Woodland owners and Ag producers to actively manage wildlife-related damage and nuisance. 

Develop emergency preparedness and response strategies focusing on preserving their Woodlands and mitigating immediate damage from events such as floods and tornadoes. 

Develop and launch targeted educational programs that focus on sustainable practices, risk management, and cost reduction specifically tailored for small farm owners. 

Increase access to existing resources and tools including online platforms to increase awareness and usability for small farm owners. 

Facilitate connections between small farm owners and local markets, including urban markets, to help diversify sales channels and improve income stability. 

Implement trial programs for specialty crops that could be suitable for small farms, providing a new avenue for diversification and innovation in crop production. 

Organize community events and workshops that foster networking among small farm owners and promote the sharing of best practices and innovations. 

Increase knowledge about sustainable and economically viable management practices.

Increase skills related to efficient production methods across all species. 

Increase confidence in implementing new and emerging techniques, technology, and production systems.

Increase confidence in making decisions related to promoting animal health-related behavior. 

Increase intentions to employ financially sound behavior regarding production methods, use of financial tools, health-focused care, and the human-animal interaction. 

Horse owners will evaluate current practices and see where changes might be of benefit. 

New horse owners can implement the management practices that fit their needs as new horse owners.  

Long time horse owners can see the new technologies and management practices that may benefit their horse operations.  

Improve management skills to improve sustainability and reduce cost of ownership. 

Youth

Youth will explore their spark in natural resources. 

Youth will gain knowledge and develop skills in natural resources and environmental sciences. 

Youth will understand how their actions and choices impact natural resources and the environment. 

Youth will set goals to become good stewards of natural resources. 

Youth will expand life and work readiness skills, gaining awareness of the diverse opportunities within the field of natural resources. 

Youth will explore their spark in agriculture. 

Youth will gain knowledge and develop skills in agriculture. 

Youth will develop a greater awareness and appreciation for the impact of agriculture in their daily life.

Youth will expand life and work readiness skills in agriculture, gaining awareness of the diverse opportunities within the field of agriculture.

Evaluation:

Outcome: Improved commercial production practices for specialty crops (long term)

Indicators: 

Number of producers who reported increased yield.  

Number of new or beginning specialty crop growers. 

Number of producers who reported improved produce quality. 

Number of trained volunteers.

Number of commercial growers who reported improved produce quality.

Number of commercial growers who reported increased yield in specialty crops (fruit, vegetables, herbs, etc.).

Number of commercial growers who reported that they expanded or developed new markets for specialty crops. 

Number of commercial specialty crop growers who reported adoption of new technologies (acquisition of greenhouse, high tunnel, lighting, etc.)

Number of commercial specialty crop growers who reported improved management practices (soil sampling, foliar sampling, integrated pest management, cover cropping, etc.)

Number of commercial specialty crop growers who reported reduced production inputs/costs.

Method: Grower survey, direct observation and feedback 

Timeline: ongoing 

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Outcome: Increased knowledge of dairy management (initial)

Indicator:

Number of participants who reported an increased knowledge of the dairy industry.  

Number of participants who reported an increased knowledge of dairy management practices  

Method: Program evaluation survey 

Timeline: Immediate Post Program 

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Outcome: Medium-term

Indicator: Number of participants who demonstrated/reported applying dairy management skills learned from UK Extension to their farm operations 

Method: Program evaluation survey or records from post farm visits and individual consultations 

Timeline: Throughout the Program Year 

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Outcome: Implementation or utilization of knowledge gained to make changes in management of small ruminant operation. 

Indicator: Number of participants that have made changes to improve management of their small ruminant operation. 

Method: Survey (post program) 

Timeline: Follow-up survey or records from individual consultations 

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Outcome: Individuals gain financial management skills for small ruminant operations 

Indicator: Number of individuals that participated in small ruminant financial management programs. 

Method: Survey or records from individual consultations 

Timeline: Ongoing

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Outcome: Gained knowledge and/or participated in direct marketing of lamb. 

Indicator: 

Number of individuals that increased their knowledge of direct marketing of small ruminants. 

Number of individuals who reported selling lamb directly to consumer/retailer. 

Method: Survey or records from individual consultations 

Timeline: Ongoing

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Outcome: Increased awareness of beef cattle quality assurance and care practices 

Indicator: Number of participants who obtained BQCA certifications 

Method: Post-program test 

Timeline: After program participation or online 

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Outcome: Increased knowledge and/or awareness of management practices to improve cattle production efficiency 

Indicator: 

Number of participants who reported an increase in their knowledge and/or awareness of management practices for improving cattle production efficiency. 

Method: Survey  

Timeline: At the program 

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Outcome: Implementation or utilization of knowledge gained to make changes in management of beef operation. 

Indicator: Number of participants who reported making a change to improve their beef cattle management practices. 

Method: Survey (post program) or records from individual consultations 

Timeline: 6-12 months after program 

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Outcome: Increased understanding of the horse industry  

Indicator: 

Number of agent-led horse programing to their county programs. 

Number of agents supporting Pastures Please and Farm and Facility Expo in their area. 

Method: Evaluation results and/or records from individual consultations 

Timeline: ongoing 

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Outcome: Increased livestock marketing knowledge 

Indicator: 

Number of participants who report increasing their knowledge of livestock marketing. 

Number of individuals who implemented small ruminant financial management programs.

Method: Program evaluation tools/ surveys 

Timeline: Ongoing 

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Outcome: Increased awareness of and use of safe/effective pesticide application methods 

Indicator: 

Number of certified applicators earning continuing education credit. 

Number of participants reporting an increase in knowledge on integrated pest management techniques.  

Number of participants reporting an increase in their use of risk mitigation strategies for pesticide application.  

Method: Surveys at CEU events 

Timeline:  Post-program survey

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Outcome: Increased knowledge and awareness of management practices to improve poultry production efficiency and food safety 

Indicator: 

Number of participants indicating an increase in knowledge and/or awareness of poultry production 

Number of participants who demonstrated/reported improved eggs and/or poultry cooking skills.

Number of participants who increased their knowledge of the equipment and methods used in meat processing.

Number of participants who reported an increase in knowledge of animal harvesting and carcass fabrication skills.

Number of participants who reported an increased knowledge of egg and/or poultry food safety practices.

Number of participants indicating an increase in knowledge and/or awareness of poultry production.

Number of participants reporting an increase in knowledge on integrated pest management techniques.

Method: Survey

Timeline: Post-program

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Outcome: Increased application of recommended horticultural practices for non-commercial production 

Indicators:

Number of people that implemented environmental stewardship. 

Number of people that reduced pesticide applications. 

Number of community members utilizing the sites and/or amount of produce donated from sites. 

Number of trained volunteers. 

Number of self-reported volunteer hours at community sites. 

Number of producers who reported reduced production inputs/costs. 

Method: Interactions with clients, attendance at Extension educational events, direct observation and feedback 

Timeline: Ongoing

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Outcome: Short-term

Indicator:

Number of youth who reported that they have realized the impact animal production has in daily life. 

Number of youth who reported that they have an interest in animal production. 

Number of youth who reported that they have identified at least one job/career in animal production and management that fits their interest.   

Number of youth who reported that they understand animal production concepts and ideas.

Number of adults in the county 4-H country ham program.

Method: Survey

Timeline: Immediate Post Program

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Outcome: Increased knowledge of corn silage production and BMR types. (initial)

Indicator:

Number of commercial participants who reported improving their plant production or management practices.

Number of stakeholders who reported increased knowledge of research-based disease identification and management practices for crops grown in Kentucky and/or share that information with other stakeholders.

Number of producers who reported increased knowledge of crop and forage production, fertility management, varieties, pest control, and/or sustainable practices.

Method: Survey

Timeline: Post-program

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Outcome: Increased fertility and tonnage produced in hay fields. (long-term)

Indicator:

Number of participants who reported increased efficiency in their plant production and/or management

Number of participants that indicate high likelihood of implementation of improved forage and livestock management practices.

Method: Survey

Timeline: Following conclusion of contest annually.

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Outcome: Increased knowledge and interest in Natural Resources (short-term)

Indicator: 

Number of youth who reported that they have identifed their interest in natural resources. 

Number of youth who reported that they understand how their actions and choices impact natural resources and the environment.

Method: Survey, Verbal Testimony

Timeline: Administered following the program

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Outcome: Increased knowledge of recycling and reducing waste in landfills (medium)

Indicator:

Number of youth who have increased recycling at their home.

Increased in amount of recycling the local recycling center collects.

Method: Survey

Timeline: Administered at the conclusion of the school year

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Outcome: Increased interest and knowledge of curing a country ham & preserving meats (short-term)

Indicator: 

Number of youth and adults who reported understanding the curing process.

Number of youth and adult participation in 4-H Country Ham Project.

Method: Verbal Discussion

Timeline: At the conclusion of the project

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Outcome: Increased knowledge & participation in poultry programs (medium)

Indicator: 

Number of youth who reported interest in embryology and poultry. 

Number of youth involved in a county-wide poultry program. 

Method: Survey

Timeline: Administered at the end of the embryology program

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Outcome: Increased knowledge and participation in 4-H Horse Club/Programs

Indicator: 

Number of youth participating in the Casey County 4-H Horse Club.

Number of youth participating in the Bluegrass 4-H Horse Camp. 

Number of youth participating in 4-H Horse Shows in surrounding counties.

Method: Observation

Timeline: Review at the conclusion of the prgram year

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Learning Opportunities:

Audience: Specialty Crop Growers 

Project or Activity: Programming for commercial or pre-commercial (training to be commercial growers) specialty crop production and management 

Content or Curriculum: Publications, Fact Sheets, Workshops, Field Days, County Meetings, Regional Meetings, Field Visits, emails and phone calls 

Inputs: Extension Specialists, Kentucky Horticulture Council, USDA funding, Dept of Labor funding, county agents, KDA, professional member organizations, governmental agencies (NRCS, FSA, etc.) 

Dates: January

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Audience: Communities

Project or Activity: Raised Bed Gardening

Content or Curriculum: NEP “Grow your own” publications, Hort. Dept. publications, youth gardening curriculum, Recovery Garden Toolkit

Inputs: Gardening materials, paid staff, community partners, 4-H, volunteers, grant funds, local organizations and community partners, schools, recovery centers, Nutrition Education Program

Dates: March - September

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Audience: Dairy Producers and Dairy Industry Professionals 

Project or Activity: Dairy Programming 

Content or Curriculum: University of Kentucky Publications, Other land grant university publications

Inputs: Extension Specialists, county agents, KDA

Date: Farm Visits and Questions related to dairy farming best practices (all year long), programs in emerging topics (all year long) 

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Audience: Beef Cattle Owners

Project or Activity: Master Cattleman 

Content or Curriculum: Master Cattleman curriculum 

Inputs: Coordination with Beef IRM coordinators & specialists 

Dates: October-November

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Audience: Young Farmers

Project or Activity: Young Farmer Program 

Content or Curriculum: UK publications

Inputs: Extension Agent, specialists, Farm Bureau, local associations and ag businesses

Dates: September-March

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Audience: Farmers and Families

Project or Activity: Farmers Market

Content or Curriculum: Farmers Market Toolkit, Marketing for All

Inputs: NEP resources, Extension publications, Farmers Market board, market manager, community partners, extension agent

Dates: May - September

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Audience: Livestock stakeholders (producers, lenders, government agencies, etc.) 

Project or Activity: Marketing  and profitability related programming 

Content or Curriculum: Market outlook, risk management, value-added marketing, managing cost of production and risk, long term decision making, production efficiency

Inputs: Extension faculty and staff, ANR Agents and industry support   

Dates: January-March

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Audience: Commercial Poultry Producers

Project or Activity: Commercial Poultry Producer Meeting

Content or Curriculum: Educational materials and in-person delivery

Inputs: Extension Agent, KY Poultry Federation, industry support

Dates: December

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Audience: Farmers

Project or Activity: Pasture Walk

Content or Curriculum: Publications, educational materials

Inputs: Extension agent, UK specialists, industry specialists, farmers, facilities

Dates: June

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Audience: Fruit & Vegetable Producers

Project or Activity: Twilight Tour

Content or Curriculum: Publications, 

Inputs: Extension agent, UK specialists, industry specialists, publications, farmers

Dates: July

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Audience: Hay producers

Project or Activity: South-Central KY Hay Contest

Content or Curriculum: UK publications

Inputs: Extension agents, UK specialists, diagnostic labs, farmers

Dates: May-October

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Audience: Interested Adults

Project or Activity: Country Ham Project

Content or Curriculum: UK Publications

Inputs: Extension Agents, UK Meat Specialists, Extension Volunteers

Dates: January - August 

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Youth

Audience: Youth in Agriculture

Project or Activity: Youth Agriculture Incentives Program

Content or Curriculum: KADF resources, UK publications

Inputs: Casey Co. Extension District Board, Casey Co. Ag Development Council, KY Office of Ag Policy, Extension Agent

Dates: Every other year

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Audience: Youth (ages 9-18)

Project or Activity: 4-H Country Ham Project

Content or Curriculum: UK publications, 4-H Communications resources

Inputs: Extension Agents, UK Meat Specialist, Extension Volunteers

Dates: January - October 

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Audience: Interested Youth (ages 5-18)

Project or Activity: 4-H Horse Club

Content or Curriculum: Ohio State University (OSU) Horse Learning Lab Kit, Kentucky Horse Volunteer Certificaiton Curriculum, Horse Reference Manual (Alberta 4-H), 4-H Horse Academy, 4-H Horse Website. 

Inputs: Extension Agents, Certified Horse Volunteers, 4-H Specialists

Dates: September - August

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Audience: Registered Youth (ages 5-18)

Project or Activity: Bluegrass 4-H Horse Camp

Content or Curriculum: OSU Horse Learning Lab, Kentucky Horse Volunteer Certificaiton Curriculum

Inputs: Extension Agents & Staff, Certified Horse Volunteers, 4-H Specialists, Horse Presenters

Dates: April/May 

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Audience: Youth in 4th Grade

Project or Activity: 4-H Environmental Education Day Camp

Content or Curriculum: Water, Entomology, Forestry, Wildlife; Curriculum - National & State-Level Research-Based, Educational Resources.

Inputs: Extension Agents, 4-H Camp Director, 4-H Camp Staff, School Personnel, 4-H Camp Counselors

Dates: April 

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Audience: Registered Youth (ages 14-18)

Project or Activity: 4-H Outdoor Adventure Camp

Content or Curriculum: Water, Entomology, Forestry, Wildlife; Curriculum - National & State-Level Research-Based, Educational Resources.

Inputs: Extension Agents, 4-H Camp Director, Nature Reliance Instructors, Verified Extension Volunteers

Dates: May

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Audience: Youth in 4th Grade

Project or Activity: Embryology in the Classroom

Content or Curriculum: UK Poultry and Embryology Curriculum

Inputs: Extension Agents, 4-H Poultry Specialists, Certified 4-H Volunteers

Dates: April - May

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Audience: 4th Grade 4-H School Clubs

Project or Activity: Recycling Program - How to reduce waste put in landfills

Content or Curriculum: Project Learning Tree, Project WILD, Natural Resource Educational Resources, 4-H Publications

Inputs: Extension Agents, 4-H Specialists, School Personnel

Dates: September - April

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Evaluation:

Outcome: Improved commercial production practices for specialty crops (long term)

Indicators: 

Number of producers who reported increased yield.  

Number of new or beginning specialty crop growers. 

Number of producers who reported improved produce quality. 

Number of trained volunteers.

Number of commercial growers who reported improved produce quality.

Number of commercial growers who reported increased yield in specialty crops (fruit, vegetables, herbs, etc.).

Number of commercial growers who reported that they expanded or developed new markets for specialty crops. 

Number of commercial specialty crop growers who reported adoption of new technologies (acquisition of greenhouse, high tunnel, lighting, etc.)

Number of commercial specialty crop growers who reported improved management practices (soil sampling, foliar sampling, integrated pest management, cover cropping, etc.)

Number of commercial specialty crop growers who reported reduced production inputs/costs.

Method: Grower survey, direct observation and feedback 

Timeline: ongoing 

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Outcome: Increased knowledge of dairy management (initial)

Indicator:

Number of participants who reported an increased knowledge of the dairy industry.  

Number of participants who reported an increased knowledge of dairy management practices  

Method: Program evaluation survey 

Timeline: Immediate Post Program 

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Outcome: Medium-term

Indicator: Number of participants who demonstrated/reported applying dairy management skills learned from UK Extension to their farm operations 

Method: Program evaluation survey or records from post farm visits and individual consultations 

Timeline: Throughout the Program Year 

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Outcome: Implementation or utilization of knowledge gained to make changes in management of small ruminant operation. 

Indicator: Number of participants that have made changes to improve management of their small ruminant operation. 

Method: Survey (post program) 

Timeline: Follow-up survey or records from individual consultations 

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Outcome: Individuals gain financial management skills for small ruminant operations 

Indicator: Number of individuals that participated in small ruminant financial management programs. 

Method: Survey or records from individual consultations 

Timeline: Ongoing

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Outcome: Gained knowledge and/or participated in direct marketing of lamb. 

Indicator: 

Number of individuals that increased their knowledge of direct marketing of small ruminants. 

Number of individuals who reported selling lamb directly to consumer/retailer. 

Method: Survey or records from individual consultations 

Timeline: Ongoing

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Outcome: Increased awareness of beef cattle quality assurance and care practices 

Indicator: Number of participants who obtained BQCA certifications 

Method: Post-program test 

Timeline: After program participation or online 

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Outcome: Increased knowledge and/or awareness of management practices to improve cattle production efficiency 

Indicator: 

Number of participants who reported an increase in their knowledge and/or awareness of management practices for improving cattle production efficiency. 

Method: Survey  

Timeline: At the program 

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Outcome: Implementation or utilization of knowledge gained to make changes in management of beef operation. 

Indicator: Number of participants who reported making a change to improve their beef cattle management practices. 

Method: Survey (post program) or records from individual consultations 

Timeline: 6-12 months after program 

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Outcome: Increased understanding of the horse industry  

Indicator: 

Number of agent-led horse programing to their county programs. 

Number of agents supporting Pastures Please and Farm and Facility Expo in their area. 

Method: Evaluation results and/or records from individual consultations 

Timeline: ongoing 

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Outcome: Increased livestock marketing knowledge 

Indicator: 

Number of participants who report increasing their knowledge of livestock marketing. 

Number of individuals who implemented small ruminant financial management programs.

Method: Program evaluation tools/ surveys 

Timeline: Ongoing 

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Outcome: Increased awareness of and use of safe/effective pesticide application methods 

Indicator: 

Number of certified applicators earning continuing education credit. 

Number of participants reporting an increase in knowledge on integrated pest management techniques.  

Number of participants reporting an increase in their use of risk mitigation strategies for pesticide application.  

Method: Surveys at CEU events 

Timeline:  Post-program survey

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Outcome: Increased knowledge and awareness of management practices to improve poultry production efficiency and food safety 

Indicator: 

Number of participants indicating an increase in knowledge and/or awareness of poultry production 

Number of participants who demonstrated/reported improved eggs and/or poultry cooking skills.

Number of participants who increased their knowledge of the equipment and methods used in meat processing.

Number of participants who reported an increase in knowledge of animal harvesting and carcass fabrication skills.

Number of participants who reported an increased knowledge of egg and/or poultry food safety practices.

Number of participants indicating an increase in knowledge and/or awareness of poultry production.

Number of participants reporting an increase in knowledge on integrated pest management techniques.

Method: Survey

Timeline: Post-program

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Outcome: Increased application of recommended horticultural practices for non-commercial production 

Indicators:

Number of people that implemented environmental stewardship. 

Number of people that reduced pesticide applications. 

Number of community members utilizing the sites and/or amount of produce donated from sites. 

Number of trained volunteers. 

Number of self-reported volunteer hours at community sites. 

Number of producers who reported reduced production inputs/costs. 

Method: Interactions with clients, attendance at Extension educational events, direct observation and feedback 

Timeline: Ongoing

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Outcome: Short-term

Indicator:

Number of youth who reported that they have realized the impact animal production has in daily life. 

Number of youth who reported that they have an interest in animal production. 

Number of youth who reported that they have identified at least one job/career in animal production and management that fits their interest.   

Number of youth who reported that they understand animal production concepts and ideas.

Number of adults in the county 4-H country ham program.

Method: Survey

Timeline: Immediate Post Program

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Outcome: Increased knowledge of corn silage production and BMR types. (initial)

Indicator:

Number of commercial participants who reported improving their plant production or management practices.

Number of stakeholders who reported increased knowledge of research-based disease identification and management practices for crops grown in Kentucky and/or share that information with other stakeholders.

Number of producers who reported increased knowledge of crop and forage production, fertility management, varieties, pest control, and/or sustainable practices.

Method: Survey

Timeline: Post-program

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Outcome: Increased fertility and tonnage produced in hay fields. (long-term)

Indicator:

Number of participants who reported increased efficiency in their plant production and/or management

Number of participants that indicate high likelihood of implementation of improved forage and livestock management practices.

Method: Survey

Timeline: Following conclusion of contest annually.

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Outcome: Increased knowledge and interest in Natural Resources (short-term)

Indicator: 

Number of youth who reported that they have identifed their interest in natural resources. 

Number of youth who reported that they understand how their actions and choices impact natural resources and the environment.

Method: Survey, Verbal Testimony

Timeline: Administered following the program

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Outcome: Increased knowledge of recycling and reducing waste in landfills (medium)

Indicator:

Number of youth who have increased recycling at their home.

Increased in amount of recycling the local recycling center collects.

Method: Survey

Timeline: Administered at the conclusion of the school year

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Outcome: Increased interest and knowledge of curing a country ham & preserving meats (short-term)

Indicator: 

Number of youth and adults who reported understanding the curing process.

Number of youth and adult participation in 4-H Country Ham Project.

Method: Verbal Discussion

Timeline: At the conclusion of the project

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Outcome: Increased knowledge & participation in poultry programs (medium)

Indicator: 

Number of youth who reported interest in embryology and poultry. 

Number of youth involved in a county-wide poultry program. 

Method: Survey

Timeline: Administered at the end of the embryology program

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Outcome: Increased knowledge and participation in 4-H Horse Club/Programs

Indicator: 

Number of youth participating in the Casey County 4-H Horse Club.

Number of youth participating in the Bluegrass 4-H Horse Camp. 

Number of youth participating in 4-H Horse Shows in surrounding counties.

Method: Observation

Timeline: Review at the conclusion of the prgram year

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