Ohio County CES

County Emphasis:

Agricultural Sustainability

Concentration 1:

Animal Production and Management

Concentration 2:

Plant Production and Management

Concentration 3:

Sustainability, Natural Resources and Wildlife Management, and Environment

Concentration 4:

Small Farm Development

Situation:

Kentucky’s agricultural sector is deeply rooted in tradition while facing a future shaped by shifting economic pressures, climate variability, population change, and evolving consumer demands. Agricultural sustainability is critical to preserving the productivity of Kentucky’s working lands, protecting natural resources, and securing food systems for future generations. To remain viable and resilient, Kentucky’s producers must balance economic profitability with responsible stewardship of land, animals, forests, and water.

 

Across the Commonwealth, animal production plays a key role in agricultural sustainability. From beef cattle that convert more than 7 million acres of pasture into high-quality protein to poultry—the state’s top agricultural commodity—livestock production must optimize animal health, environmental protection, and economic efficiency. Producers of equine, swine, small ruminants, and poultry are employing practices such as sustainable grazing, pasture-based systems, vaccination protocols, and biosecurity measures to enhance both product quality and environmental outcomes. Kentucky Cooperative Extension supports these efforts by offering producer-focused programs that address emerging production systems, management strategies, and technological innovations for long-term farm viability.

 

Similarly, plant, crop, and forage systems must adapt to rising input costs, soil degradation, pest resistance, and increasingly unpredictable weather patterns. Kentucky producers are turning to data-driven approaches, climate-adapted varieties, conservation tillage, crop rotation, and integrated pest management to increase efficiency and protect soil and water resources. Extension educators are at the forefront, offering workshops, field days, and technical support that emphasize both traditional and specialty crops, organic and regenerative practices, and preparation for extreme weather events.

 

Natural resources and woodlands contribute substantially to Kentucky’s rural economy and environmental health. Hardwood forests cover half the state and support over 28,000 jobs in the forest sector. Yet, landowners face challenges such as invasive species, urban encroachment, and climate change. Kentucky is among the most climate-vulnerable states in the U.S., with recent disasters like the 2021 tornado and 2022 floods underscoring the urgency of watershed protection, adaptive land management, and woodland conservation. Extension is committed to helping both rural and urban landowners implement strategies that ensure healthy, productive ecosystems and long-term forest sustainability.

 

Small farm development is a cornerstone of Kentucky agriculture. Over 90% of farms are considered small farms, playing a critical role in rural economies, food security, and agricultural innovation. However, these farms face unique challenges related to market access, succession planning, and capital investment. Extension programming promotes whole farm planning, risk management, sustainable practices, and diversification—including specialty crop production and urban farming—to ensure small farms remain a vibrant part of Kentucky’s food and fiber system.

 

Youth Focus

The long-term sustainability of Kentucky agriculture depends on engaging the next generation of agricultural leaders. With the number of farms declining and the average age of farmers rising, youth agricultural literacy and workforce development are critical. According to the 2023 UK Cooperative Extension Needs Assessment, youth life skill development, agriculture education, and workforce readiness are top priorities across the state.

 

Kentucky 4-H provides hands-on opportunities in animal science, plant production, soil science, forestry, and environmental education. These experiences build not only technical knowledge, but also critical life skills such as responsibility, communication, problem-solving, and civic engagement. Whether through livestock projects, horticulture programs, or natural resource education, Kentucky 4-H empowers youth to explore agricultural careers, become effective stewards of natural resources, and contribute to the sustainability and success of Kentucky agriculture.

 

Sustaining Kentucky agriculture for future generations requires an integrated approach that combines innovation, education, and stewardship across all sectors—from livestock and crop production to forestry and small farm development. Through research-based education, community engagement, and youth development, Kentucky Cooperative Extension is building a more sustainable, resilient, and inclusive agricultural future—one producer, family, and community at a time.

County Situation:

Agriculture is the backbone of Ohio County’s economy, culture, and way of life. With a strong presence in livestock production, forage systems, row crops, and small farm enterprises, the county plays a vital role in supporting Kentucky’s food and fiber system. However, like many rural communities, Ohio County farmers and landowners face growing challenges in sustaining productivity while protecting natural resources for future generations.

 

Sustainable animal agriculture remains a cornerstone of Ohio County’s farm economy. Beef cattle operations dominate the local landscape, efficiently converting forage into marketable protein. Poultry production—including broiler and turkey operations— contribute the greatest amount to the county’s agricultural value. Small ruminants and swine are part of a growing diversified livestock systems. As producers strive to improve profitability and efficiency, they must also address forage management, biosecurity, animal health, and conservation practices that reduce environmental impact and adapt to climate variability.

 

Ohio County’s crop and forage producers face similar pressures. Rising input costs, changing weather patterns, and market fluctuations have increased the demand for research-based guidance on crop rotation, soil health, water management, and sustainable tillage practices. Farmers are seeking ways to implement cover crops, integrated pest management, and new technologies that help them maintain high yields while reducing risk and improving long-term soil productivity.

 

The county’s natural resources, including forests and waterways, also require thoughtful stewardship. With climate change increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, soil erosion, flooding, and invasive species pose threats to both farmland and woodland sustainability. Landowners and small-acreage farmers benefit from Extension support in woodland management, water conservation, and wildlife habitat improvement—especially in balancing environmental conservation with agricultural productivity.

 

Small/part time farms make up a significant portion of Ohio County’s agricultural footprint. These family-owned operations face barriers such as limited access to markets, capital, and technology. Extension supports these producers through whole farm planning, direct marketing education, and technical assistance in specialty crops, value-added processing, and sustainable business practices. Strengthening small farms contributes not only to the county’s economy but also to local food access, community resilience, and innovation in farming practices.

 

Youth Focus

With a steadily aging farmer population and declining number of farms, Ohio County’s agricultural sustainability depends on preparing the next generation of producers, leaders, and innovators. 4-H youth in Ohio County are actively engaged in animal science, horticulture, environmental education, and agribusiness projects, developing life skills such as responsibility, communication, leadership, and critical thinking. These programs introduce youth to career pathways in agriculture while fostering a strong connection to land stewardship and rural identity.

 

Through hands-on learning in livestock care, soil science, plant production, and natural resources, youth gain the tools to contribute to a vibrant and sustainable local food system. 4-H also cultivates entrepreneurship, workforce readiness, and agricultural literacy—ensuring that young people are prepared to lead Ohio County agriculture into the future.

 

Ohio County Cooperative Extension is dedicated to supporting sustainable agriculture by equipping producers, landowners, and youth with the knowledge and tools needed to navigate change, protect natural resources, and ensure a thriving agricultural economy. Through education, innovation, and community engagement, Extension is helping build a future where agriculture in Ohio County remains productive, profitable, and environmentally responsible—for today and generations to come.

Long-Term Outcomes:

• For Adults and Producers:

• Small farms in Ohio County become consistently profitable and competitive in local and broader markets, contributing to food security, rural economic development, and agricultural diversity.
• All participating producers regularly implement sustainable practices that enhance soil health, conserve water, improve animal care, and reduce environmental impact, resulting in more resilient farming systems capable of adapting to climate variability.
• Adoption of advanced technologies and management systems increases the quality and efficiency of livestock and crop production, leading to improved profitability and reduced carbon footprints across sectors, including beef, dairy, poultry, equine, small ruminants, and row crops.
• Farmers are better prepared for climate extremes and disasters through utilization of forecasting tools, adaptable crop and forage systems, and whole-farm risk management strategies.
• The sustainability of Ohio County’s forest and natural resources is improved, with enhanced wildlife habitats, water quality, and woodland health contributing to a balanced rural ecosystem.
• Local food systems are strengthened through farmer’s markets, community gardens, urban farms, and community-supported agriculture, supporting economic growth, consumer access, and producer opportunity.
• Farm succession planning and beginning farmer support increase the transfer of knowledge and land to the next generation, ensuring long-term farm viability and the preservation of agricultural heritage.

 

For Youth:

• Youth are life- and workforce-ready, equipped with knowledge and practical experience in sustainable agriculture, natural resources, and agribusiness that prepare them to be future consumers, producers, and community leaders.
• Young people make informed decisions about agricultural products and services, demonstrating financial literacy, environmental awareness, and responsible consumption.
• Youth actively advocate for agriculture and natural resources, promoting sustainable practices in their communities and participating in local conservation and food systems initiatives.
• 4-H members demonstrate leadership, innovation, and commitment, contributing to the vitality of Ohio County’s agricultural future through civic engagement, entrepreneurship, and stewardship of the land.

Intermediate Outcomes:

For Adults and Producers:

• Producers will implement strategies that improve efficiency and profitability, including increased animal production, milk yields, and adoption of sustainable grazing and crop rotation systems.
• Producers will evaluate and improve biosecurity and animal health practices, ensuring both food system safety and animal well-being across beef, poultry, equine, and small ruminant operations. 
• Horse owners will annually review care practices, applying cost-effective, health-focused strategies for management and disease prevention.
• Growers will adopt integrated pest management (IPM) and organic methods, resulting in more targeted pesticide use, improved disease management, and healthier crop systems.
• Expanded adoption of emerging technologies will allow producers to monitor crop productivity, soil health, and environmental indicators using GPS systems, unmanned aerial vehicles, soil and yield mapping, and data analytics.
• Small farm operators will develop and implement whole farm plans that balance financial, production, and environmental goals, increasing long-term farm sustainability and resilience.
• New and beginning farmers will be supported through enterprise development, succession planning, and access to agricultural technologies tailored to small-scale production.
• Forestry and natural resource landowners will adopt conservation practices, including soil and water protection, biodiversity preservation, and forest health monitoring.
• Farmers and woodland owners will implement climate resilience strategies, preparing for extreme weather events and long-term environmental change.
• Extension-facilitated partnerships will grow, strengthening relationships with commodity groups, conservation organizations, and agricultural service providers to support shared sustainability goals.

For Youth:

• Youth involved in 4-H agricultural and natural resource programs will develop practical, hands-on skills in animal science, crop production, and environmental stewardship.
• Youth will effectively communicate agricultural and conservation concepts, building confidence in public speaking, advocacy, and peer-to-peer education.
• Youth will actively apply advanced agricultural and natural resource practices, demonstrating their commitment to the sustainability of local food systems and ecosystems.

• Young people will take responsible action in conservation efforts, participate in service-learning, and explore future careers in agriculture and environmental sciences.

Initial Outcomes:

For Adults and Producers:

• Increased knowledge and confidence in sustainable production practices, including animal care, pasture management, crop rotation, soil health, and water conservation techniques.
• Improved skills in implementing efficient livestock and crop production systems, resulting in better resource use, animal health, and financial outcomes.
• Small farm owners will gain access to online tools, trial programs, and marketing connections, enabling them to diversify crops, explore specialty products, and strengthen their presence in local and regional markets.
• Horse owners will evaluate and adopt best management practices suited to their experience level—whether they are new, experienced, or long-time owners—enhancing sustainability and reducing ownership costs.
• Increased awareness and use of data-driven agricultural technologies, such as GPS, unmanned aerial systems, soil/yield mapping, and climate adaptation tools, to improve yield, disease resistance, and decision-making.
• Increased understanding of pest and disease management, including Integrated Pest Management (IPM), pesticide safety, GAP certification, and plant pathology tools for early diagnosis and risk reduction.
• Raised awareness of sustainable forest management, wildlife control, and emergency preparedness strategies to reduce the impact of extreme weather and protect woodland resources.
• Producers and woodland owners will begin developing plans for biodiversity protection and nuisance wildlife mitigation, contributing to long-term land stewardship.

 

For Youth:

• Youth will explore their spark in agriculture and natural resources, engaging in 4-H projects related to animal science, horticulture, soil science, forestry, and environmental education.
• Youth will gain knowledge and develop practical skills in farming, conservation, and food systems through experiential learning.
• Youth will develop a deeper awareness of agriculture’s and natural resources’ impact on their daily lives and community sustainability.
• Youth will expand life and workforce readiness skills, becoming more aware of career paths in agriculture, agribusiness, environmental sciences, and agri-technology.

• Youth will set personal goals to become responsible stewards of the land, demonstrating commitment to sustainability through projects, service learning, and peer leadership.

Evaluation:

Outcome	Increased awareness of beef cattle quality assurance & care practices
Indicator	Number of participants who obtained BQCA certifications
Method	Post program survey
Timeline	After program participation

 

Outcome	Implementation of management practices to improve cattle production
Indicator	Number of participants who reported making a change in to improve their beef cattle management practices
Method	Survey
Timeline	6-12 months after program

 

Outcome	Improved forage management
Indicator	Number of participants that implemented new forage management practices
Method	Survey
Timeline	6-12 months after program

 

Learning Opportunities:

Learning Opportunities

 

Audience	Youth
Project or Activity	Youth Agricultural Incentives Program
Content or Curriculum	Ky Department of Agriculture Program, 4-H/Livestock/Horse curriculum, U.K. pubs
Inputs	Agents, KDA, Ohio Co. 4-H, YAIP Committee
Date(s)	Year round 2025/26

 

Audience	Pesticide Users
Project or Activity	Private Applicator Safety Training
Content or Curriculum	Pesticide safety training curriculum
Inputs	ANR agent
Date(s)	Winter 2026

 

Audience	Landowners/Producers
Project or Activity	Ag Development CAIP program
Content or Curriculum	Enterprise production, management & economics
Inputs	ANR agent & Specialist
Date(s)	Summer/Fall 2025

 

Audience	Beef/Forage Producers
Project or Activity	Beef/Forage Workshops
Content or Curriculum	Livestock management, herd health, forage management/utilization, weed control, marketing
Inputs	ANR agent, Specialist, FSA personnel, NRCS, Farm Suppliers
Date(s)	Year round 2025/26

 

Audience	Home gardeners
Project or Activity	Raising Your Own Vegetables
Content or Curriculum	U.K. pubs/recommendations
Inputs	Agents
Date(s)	Winter/Spring 2026

 

Audience	Beef Producers
Project or Activity	Beef Quality Cattle Handling Assurance Certification
Content or Curriculum	BQCA curriculum
Inputs	Agent
Date(s)	Year round 2025/26

 

Audience	Poultry producers
Project or Activity	Area Poultry House Management Workshop
Content or Curriculum	Poultry house management info.
Inputs	University of Georgia Poultry Specialist
Date(s)	Summer/Fall 2025

 

Audience	Woodland Owners
Project or Activity	Woodland Owners Shortcourse, Woodland Owners Association Workshop
Content or Curriculum	Woodland Owners Shortcourse curriculum
Inputs	Specialist, Ky Dept of Forestry, Forestry Industry Representatives
Date(s)	Summer/ Winter 2025/26

 

 

Audience	Master Loggers
Project or Activity	Master Logger Programs & Web TV
Content or Curriculum	Woodland Management Curriculum thru U.K.
Inputs	Specialist, KY Dept. Of Forestry, Forestry Industry Representatives
Date(s)	Fall/Winter 2025/26

 

Audience	Grain Producers
Project or Activity	Grain Management & Marketing
Content or Curriculum	Grain production practices, marketing, risk management, new technologies, pest control, & resistance issues
Inputs	Specialist, Agent, Industry Representatives, NRCS, FSA
Date(s)	Winter 2025/26

 

Audience	Forage Producers
Project or Activity	Pasture Walk
Content or Curriculum	Weed ID, weed control, pasture/hayfield management
Inputs	Specialist, agent, industry representatives
Date(s)	Fall 2025 or Spring 2026

Evaluation:

Outcome	Increased awareness of beef cattle quality assurance & care practices
Indicator	Number of participants who obtained BQCA certifications
Method	Post program survey
Timeline	After program participation

 

Outcome	Implementation of management practices to improve cattle production
Indicator	Number of participants who reported making a change in to improve their beef cattle management practices
Method	Survey
Timeline	6-12 months after program

 

Outcome	Improved forage management
Indicator	Number of participants that implemented new forage management practices
Method	Survey
Timeline	6-12 months after program