Ohio County CES

County Emphasis:

Making Positive Lifestyle Changes

Concentration 1:

Connected & Resilient Communities

Concentration 2:

Substance Use Prevention and Recovery

Concentration 3:

Health and Wellbeing

Concentration 4:

Mental Health and Well-Being

Situation:

Kentucky communities are facing a growing set of public health challenges—from rising rates of substance use and mental health disorders to obesity, social disconnection, and health disparities. These issues, deeply intertwined with environmental, economic, and social factors, demand a community-centered approach that supports individuals in making positive lifestyle choices for themselves and their families.

 Substance use and substance use disorder (SUD) have become especially urgent concerns. Overdose deaths now surpass car accidents as the leading cause of accidental death in the United States, and Kentucky is not immune to this crisis. Nearly 90% of Kentuckians who need treatment for SUD go without it each year, leaving a significant gap in care and prevention. This burden is further compounded by Kentucky youth showing higher rates of vaping, tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use compared to national averages. Addressing these concerns requires coordinated, evidence-based prevention strategies that also address underlying factors such as mental health, economic opportunity, and supportive relationships.

 Meanwhile, mental health challenges are escalating. More than 43% of Kentucky adults report symptoms of anxiety or depression, and suicide remains a leading cause of death, especially among youth and young adults. Youth mental health concerns include low self-confidence, poor body image, bullying, and absenteeism. Only half of youth diagnosed with a mental health disorder receive the treatment they need. The call for improved access to mental health resources was echoed strongly in the 2023 University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Needs Assessment.

 At the same time, youth and families are contending with limited access to nutritious food, safe physical spaces, and equitable healthcare resources. These external factors play a major role in chronic disease rates, obesity, and overall quality of life. Kentucky ranks among the highest in youth obesity, with 41% of teenagers considered overweight or obese. Moreover, 30% of youth are chronically absent from school, often due to unmet physical, emotional, or environmental needs.

 Despite these challenges, there is a great opportunity. Cooperative Extension—through its statewide presence, strong local partnerships, and transdisciplinary expertise—is uniquely positioned to support holistic, community-driven solutions that promote healthy choices and build long-term resilience. Guided by the National Framework for Health Equity and Well-Being, Extension provides integrated programs in nutrition, mental health, physical activity, substance use prevention, youth development, digital literacy, and community connectivity.

 For youth, 4-H plays a critical role by fostering thriving in all five domains of well-being: physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intellectual. Programs build resilience, empower decision-making, encourage civic engagement, and support mental health through self-care education. Whether through physical activity, digital engagement, or substance use prevention, Kentucky 4-H is equipping young people with the tools they need to succeed and lead.

 For communities, Cooperative Extension supports adults and families by delivering access to preventive health education, healthy lifestyle programming, economic resilience tools, and advocacy for better systems and services. By promoting positive lifestyle choices—like nutritious eating, stress management, staying active, and fostering connected relationships—Extension helps Kentuckians lead healthier, more fulfilling lives.

County Situation:

Ohio County, Kentucky, like many rural communities across the Commonwealth, faces pressing health and wellness challenges that affect residents of all ages. Issues such as substance use, mental health struggles, limited access to nutritious foods, and rising rates of chronic disease continue to impact families, youth, and individuals in this close-knit community. Addressing these concerns requires a community-driven, prevention-focused approach that empowers residents to make positive lifestyle choices and build healthier, more resilient lives.

 Substance use and substance use disorder (SUD) remain critical public health concerns in Ohio County. As part of a region heavily affected by the opioid crisis, Ohio County has witnessed the devastating impact of addiction on individuals, families, and the broader community. Many residents who need treatment for SUD do not receive it due to barriers such as stigma, lack of local services, and limited access to transportation or resources. Youth in the area are particularly vulnerable, with higher-than-average rates of vaping, alcohol, and illicit drug use. Prevention and early intervention efforts—especially those grounded in research and led by trusted community partners—are vital to breaking this cycle.

 Mental health is another growing concern. A significant number of Ohio County residents report symptoms of depression, anxiety, and emotional distress. Many youth struggle with low self-esteem, bullying, and chronic absenteeism. Like the rest of the state, Ohio County has experienced the tragic effects of suicide, especially among younger populations. Despite these challenges, access to mental health support remains limited. According to the University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service Needs Assessment, improving access to mental health and wellbeing resources is one of the top priorities identified by Ohio Countians.

 Compounding these issues are broader barriers to health such as food insecurity, limited access to healthcare, and inadequate physical activity opportunities. Rates of adult and youth obesity in Ohio County are above the state average, and many families face difficulties accessing affordable, nutritious foods. These health disparities are often rooted in external factors like transportation, digital connectivity, economic instability, and a lack of safe community spaces for recreation and wellness.

 In response, the Ohio County Cooperative Extension Service—supported by the University of Kentucky—plays a vital role in helping residents make informed, positive lifestyle choices. Guided by the National Framework for Health Equity and Well-Being, Extension offers comprehensive health and wellness education, including nutrition programming, substance use prevention, youth development, mental health education, physical activity promotion, and family resource connection. These efforts are grounded in local partnerships and shaped by community needs, ensuring that programs are culturally relevant and sustainable.

 Ohio County 4-H is a cornerstone of youth development in the area, engaging young people in experiences that build resilience, foster critical thinking, and promote emotional, physical, and social well-being. Through educational programs, leadership opportunities, and community involvement, 4-H youth are becoming confident, healthy contributors to their communities.

 Whether by encouraging healthy eating, teaching stress management, building digital skills, or fostering safe and connected environments, Ohio County Extension is committed to improving quality of life for every resident. By supporting positive lifestyle choices, Ohio County can cultivate a future where individuals and families are empowered, thriving, and well.

Long-Term Outcomes:

For Adults

          Enhanced Well-Being and Health:

• Adults will routinely meet recommended health behaviors that promote wellness, leading to a reduced burden of chronic, non-communicable diseases and injuries.
• Expanded access to mental health care and resources, combined with reductions in mental health crises, suicide, substance use, substance use disorder, and overdose fatalities, will substantially improve overall quality of life. 
• Increased recovery capital and decreased stigma associated with substance use support adults on their journey toward better health.

 

          Stronger, Connected Communities:

 

• Increased digital access and digital literacy will improve economic and educational opportunities, ensuring that communities are more resilient in the face of disasters or economic disruptions.
• Investments in accessible community-based health resources, safe public spaces, and culturally sensitive initiatives will create environments that support health-promoting behaviors in every area where people live, learn, work, and play.
• Expanded partnerships and collaborative networks will enhance collective problem-solving, resource-sharing, and recovery efforts, ultimately strengthening local economies and preserving cultural heritage.

For Youth:

            Improved Health, Social, and Emotional Competence:

• Youth will experience better mental health and well-being—with fewer youth considering suicide, reduced substance use and related disorders, decreased obesity, and improved social and emotional competencies.
• Enhanced outcomes in 4-H programs will lead to a higher number of young individuals pursuing careers in mental health, well-being, and related fields, reinforcing a sustainable cycle of wellness and care.

 

Empowered Youth Leadership and Community Engagement:

 

• Through participation in evidence-based programs, youth will develop critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, teamwork, and leadership skills. These competencies will drive their active involvement and leadership in community initiatives and workplace settings.
• As empowered, engaged citizens, youth will make meaningful contributions to their communities, influencing change and shaping a resilient future that values both individual growth and collective well-being.

Intermediate Outcomes:

For Adults

             Improved Community Resources and Behaviors:

 

1. Increased availability and accessibility of evidence-based programs that promote recovery from substance use disorder, build recovery capital, and support physical and mental well-being.

 

1. More adults will adopt health-promoting behaviors, including self-care, stress management, and digital literacy, enhancing overall quality of life and occupational safety.

 

• Increased use of de-stigmatized language, advocacy efforts, and community engagement will help normalize conversations around mental health and substance use.
• Stronger Community Systems and Partnerships: 
• Communities will implement inclusive policies and practices that equitably support wellness through revitalized public spaces, disaster preparedness efforts, and cultural programming.
• Enhanced and expanded community partnerships will be developed to address health, safety, and well-being issues collaboratively, fostering stronger civic networks and local governance participation.

For Youth

Positive Behavior Development and Engagement:

 

• 4-H youth will practice general wellness habits, increase physical activity, and build skills in teamwork, communication, problem-solving, and conflict resolution.
• Youth will demonstrate personal growth through self-reflection and exploration of their values and beliefs related to health, wellness, and mental health.
• Youth will take initiative through planning and implementing service projects, increasing their sense of responsibility and community connectedness.

          Expanded Access to Prevention and Leadership Opportunities:

 

• Increased availability of evidence-based prevention programs and strong community partnerships will empower youth to resist risky behaviors and contribute positively to their communities.
• Youth will be better prepared to serve as leaders and active participants in building healthier, more resilient communities.

 

Initial Outcomes:

For Adults:

• Increased knowledge of health-promoting behaviors including nutritious eating, physical activity, health screenings, vaccinations, substance use prevention, sleep, and stress management.
• Improved awareness of local and online community resources that support physical health, mental wellness, recovery, and civic engagement.
• Increased understanding of digital tools, disaster preparedness, pest management, public space use, and cultural/community identity. 
• Enhanced ability to recognize and respond to mental health concerns, use destigmatized language, and apply positive coping strategies. 
• Greater confidence and motivation to make informed decisions related to personal and family well-being, safety, and recovery. 
• Improved intention and skill to engage in pro-social and prevention-focused behaviors, including employability, supportive relationship building, and mental health advocacy.

For Youth:

• Increased knowledge of healthy habits, positive mental health practices, and general wellness strategies.
• Improved attitudes, beliefs, and intentions toward adopting and sustaining healthy behaviors, including nutrition, exercise, and stress management. 
• Greater understanding of substance use prevention and recovery, including refusal skills, peer pressure management, and positive coping.
• Strengthened leadership, communication, and teamwork abilities through hands-on learning and group experiences.

• Heightened self-awareness and realization of how personal actions influence others and contribute to a healthy, supportive community.

Evaluation:

 

Evaluation

Outcome	Medium – Body Walk Program
Indicator	Increased knowledge about substance abuse and effects  Number of participants who report an increased knowledge of substance use prevention, addiction and/or recovery
Method	Self-reported surveys
Timeline	March 2026

 

Outcome	Short-Term – 4-H Clubs
Indicator	Increased health-promoting behaviors that support family and community health (physical activity and consuming nutritious foods)  Number of participants who reported consuming more nutritious foods and or beverages to improve their overall health
Method	Self-reported surveys
Timeline	All year

 

Outcome	Short- Term:  4-H Clubs and School Enrichment Program
Indicator	Increased nutrition-promoting behaviors  Number of participants who reported a change in health-promoting behavior as a result of participating in a health and well-being program
Method	Self-reported surveys
Timeline	March-April 2026

 

Outcome	Medium Term: 8th Graders Truth and Consequences
Indicator	Increased knowledge of repercussions of alcohol/drug abuse. Number of youths who reported a change in behavior because of participating in Truth and Consequences.
Method	Pre and Post Survey
Timeline	March 2026

Learning Opportunities:

Audience	Middle School 7th Grade
Project or Activity	Body Walk
Content or Curriculum	Body Walk Mississippi State Extension
Inputs	Middle School Staff, HOSA, Ohio County Health Care
Date(s)	March-April 2026

 

Audience	4-H Youth, Middle School Youth
Project or Activity	4-H Clubs, School Enrichment
Content or Curriculum	Jump Into Food and Fitness, Exercise
Inputs	Extension Staff,4-H Volunteers, School Teachers
Date(s)	All Year

 

Audience	4-H Youth – Teen Leadership Academy
Project or Activity	4-H Capitol Experience
Content or Curriculum	4-H Capitol Experience Handbook, Shop 4-H Curriculum
Inputs	4-H Club leaders, Volunteers
Date(s)	February-March 20226

 

Audience	4-H Youth
Project or Activity	4-H Garden Club
Content or Curriculum	UK Horticulture Publications
Inputs	Extension Staff, Parents
Date(s)	September - August

 

Audience	4-H Youth
Project or Activity	SET 4-H Physics Zoo – 4th Grade
Content or Curriculum	Physics Zoo – University of Kentucky
Inputs	Extension Staff, School Teachers
Date(s)	April-May 2026

 

Audience	Youth 8th Grade
Project or Activity	Truth and Consequences
Content or Curriculum	Truth and Consequences: The Choice is Yours
Inputs	FCS Agent, School Officials, District Judge, County Attorney, Defense Attorney, KY State Police, City/ County Law Enforcement, Coroner, School Resource Officer, Emergency Medical Treatment, Hospital, Jailer, CDW, Dept. of Juvenile Justice, Board of Ed., Health Dept., Zero Tolerance, Pharmacists, Faith Based members, Counseling/ Treatment, Providers, Parent Volunteers, Ohio County Middle School, Together We Care
Date(s)	March 2026

 

Audience	General Public
Project or Activity	Recipes/Samples at Farmer’s Market; Healthy cooking demonstrations
Content or Curriculum	PIUKP, SNAP KYNEP Recipes
Inputs	FCS Agent
Date(s)	June-September 2026

Evaluation:

 

Evaluation

Outcome	Medium – Body Walk Program
Indicator	Increased knowledge about substance abuse and effects  Number of participants who report an increased knowledge of substance use prevention, addiction and/or recovery
Method	Self-reported surveys
Timeline	March 2026

 

Outcome	Short-Term – 4-H Clubs
Indicator	Increased health-promoting behaviors that support family and community health (physical activity and consuming nutritious foods)  Number of participants who reported consuming more nutritious foods and or beverages to improve their overall health
Method	Self-reported surveys
Timeline	All year

 

Outcome	Short- Term:  4-H Clubs and School Enrichment Program
Indicator	Increased nutrition-promoting behaviors  Number of participants who reported a change in health-promoting behavior as a result of participating in a health and well-being program
Method	Self-reported surveys
Timeline	March-April 2026

 

Outcome	Medium Term: 8th Graders Truth and Consequences
Indicator	Increased knowledge of repercussions of alcohol/drug abuse. Number of youths who reported a change in behavior because of participating in Truth and Consequences.
Method	Pre and Post Survey
Timeline	March 2026